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Confusion when root of a number is to be taken!

Problem Solving — algebra and arithmetic (GMAT Focus Edition)
Expert replies
Source: — Quantitative Reasoning |

by vinay1983 » Sun Sep 08, 2013 2:01 am
Assuming the question is Is x > 12?

Then statement 1

x^1/2 > 4
√x > 4
|x| > 16 (squaring both sides)
|x| > 16 or -16

Does not make sense. Not sufficient

Statement 2

x > 144^1/2

x > √144

x > 12 Sufficient

What is the source? And the question appears odd!
You can, for example never foretell what any one man will do, but you can say with precision what an average number will be up to!
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by apurva.jalit » Sun Sep 08, 2013 2:07 am
when you say √x > 4, on squaring √x, we are always going to get a +ve number right? so shouldn't we directly assume x > 16?

I am confused over the way you have used second statement.
statement : x > √144
can't we say here that x > 12 or x > -12, if we have the second case, we can't be sure that x >12?
Also my question is whether taking -ve root acceptable here? if not, why so?
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by vinay1983 » Sun Sep 08, 2013 2:36 am
apurva.jalit wrote:when you say √x > 4, on squaring √x, we are always going to get a +ve number right? so shouldn't we directly assume x > 16?

I am confused over the way you have used second statement.
statement : x > √144
can't we say here that x > 12 or x > -12, if we have the second case, we can't be sure that x >12?
Also my question is whether taking -ve root acceptable here? if not, why so?
Hi,

There are 2 different scenarios

See square of a number, say -4 or 4 is always 16, but √ of a number is usually taken as positive, such as √16 is 4.

Both the cases we need to find the value of x, so in statement 1 we don't have a direct equation mentioning the value of x, so we have to find a solution for x, so it is like this √x is nothing but x ^1/2 so squaring results in (x^1/2)^2, so we get x.

Also we cannot square root a negative number.It is convention that is followed, symbols need to have 1 value.

So for your query:

1. No you cannot assume that a solution for a square of a number is always positive, it can be negative or positive. You have to find the solution.

2. Square root of a number(Usually symbols have one value only) has to be positive, that's a convention followed to remove ambiguity.
You can, for example never foretell what any one man will do, but you can say with precision what an average number will be up to!
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by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Sun Sep 08, 2013 6:22 am
apurva.jalit wrote:is x > 12?

i) √x > 4
ii) x > √144
Target question: Is x > 12?

Statement 1: √x > 4
NOTE: This implies that x must be positive. If x were negative, then √x would be undefined, and an undefined value cannot be greater than 4
Since 4 = √16, we can take √x > 4 and rewrite it as √x > √16
From here, we can conclude that x > 16, which means x is definitely greater than 12
Since we can answer the target question with certainty, statement 1 is SUFFICIENT

Statement 2: x > √144
Since √144 = 12, this statement tells us that x is definitely greater than 12
Since we can answer the target question with certainty, statement 2 is SUFFICIENT

Answer = D

Cheers,
Brent Hanneson - Creator of GMATPrepNow.com
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