Anders: The physical structure of the brain plays an

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Anders: The physical structure of the brain plays an important role in thinking. So researchers developing "thinking machines"-computers that can make decisions based on both common sense and factual knowledge-should closely model those machines on the structure of the brain.

Yang: Important does not mean essential. After all, no flying machine closely modeled on birds has worked; workable aircraft are structurally very different from birds. So thinking machines closely modeled on the brain are also likely to fail. In developing a workable thinking machine, researchers would therefore increase their chances of success if they focus on the brain's
function and simply ignore its physical structure.

In evaluating Yang's argument it would be most helpful to know whether

A. studies of the physical structure of birds provided information crucial to the development of workable aircraft

B. researchers currently working on thinking machines take all thinking to involve both common sense and factual knowledge

C. as much time has been spent trying to develop a workable thinking machine as had been spent in developing the first workable aircraft

D. researchers who specialize in the structure of the brain are among those who are trying to develop thinking machines

E. some flying machines that were not closely modeled on birds failed to work
Source: — Critical Reasoning |

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by deloitte247 » Thu Jul 19, 2018 11:58 pm

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Option A - INCORRECT.
Yang's argument is based on the fact that physical structure alone can not be use to create an aircraft that will be functional as a flying bird.

Option B - CORRECT.
This option speaks more on the argument of yang. Yang's argument is being specific about the use of common sense and factual knowledge in creating a thinking machine presumed to be as functional as the human brain. However, involving only the common sense without the factual knowledge and vice-versa can be less effective in during and after production but when both work hand-in-hand then it is assumed to be effective and experimental.

Option C - INCORRECT.
Yang's argument is not based on the time dedicated in production but the effectiveness of the machine for the major purpose of which its produced.

Option D - INCORRECT.
The researchers who created the structure of the brain will also be involved in creating the thinking machine but yang's argument is the effectiveness of the thinking machine for its main purpose because physical structure alone can not define the function of the thinking machine.

Option E - INCORRECT.
Flying machine that are modeled to flying birds failed to work effectively also those that are closely modeled to birds failed too.