Because of the enormous research and development expenses required to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.

a
b. of firms to survive
c. for surviving
d. for survival
e. for firms' survival

Girish:

Please pose your questions exactly as they would appear on the GMAT. Won't that be better?

Please underline the suspect part and replicate it as Choice A, mention the source of the Q and you'll have your queries answered

Tx

@ viidyasagar

if u dont have anything constructive to reach the solution then atleast stop talking RUBBISH...!!!

Thanks!

Subordinate Clause - " Because of the .... industry"
Modifier - " an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand"
Main Clause - such firms tend to be very large

The main clause is making reference to "such firms" that should be present prior to its reference. Unless that is present, we are not sure what firm we are talking about here.

So, only B and E are contenders.

E uses required for - Eliminated

Last but not the least,
Pls pay attention to the viidyasagar. That wud only help you and others as well.

You need to post A, or at least underline the portion of the sentence that is under consideration. In response to your question about preferring a verb or a noun. Remember the word VAN. Verb > Adjective/Adverb> Noun. You prefer a verb to an adjective/adverb and nouns. You prefer an adjective/adverb to a noun.