How to distinguish between Participle, Gerund and Verb?

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How can i distinguish between Participle, Gerund and Verb in a sentence, which it contains "a word + ING"?

I used to perceive every "word+ING" as present participle tense, while it's not absolutely right.

Example 1: (OG verbal review 2nd ed.)
The normative model of strategic decision-making suggests that executives examine a firm's external environment and internal conditions and, USING the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, decide

Example 2: (OG review 11th ed.)
The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean less LENDING by commercial banks to developing countries and increased pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.

increased pressure is parallel to less lending.


Other examples:
Q.127 OG review 11ed.,
Q.132 OG review 11ed.

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by tuanquang269 » Thu Nov 17, 2011 12:18 am
Maybe you should post this thread to SC sub-box.

In linguistics, a participle is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives.It can be used in compound verb tenses or voices (periphrasis), or as a modifier. A phrase composed of a participle and other words is a participial phrase. (from wikipedia)

Verb is word convey action, sometimes you will see the participle in the meaning of verb.

Gerund play a role of noun, but gerund itself is convey the meaning of verb. In another way, we can said that Noun outside, verb inside.

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by meweadl » Thu Nov 24, 2011 10:23 am
any other explanation?

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by arpita@gurome » Thu Nov 24, 2011 9:56 pm
The easiest definition of a Gerund and a Participle is that a Gerund is a verb form used as a noun whereas a Participle is a verb that has the characteristics of both a verb and an adjective.

Gerunds:

Swimming is a good exercise. (Gerund used as the subject of a sentece)
When will you stop talking? (Gerund used as a the object of a verb)
Her crying disturbed me. (Gerund used as a verbal noun)
The picture needs reframing. (Gerund used after a verb)

Participles:

Fishermen fishing in choppy seas rish their lives. (present participle used immediately after the subject it refers to)
I saw birds flying over the hill. (present participle after a noun)
Bill went hunting with his friends.(present participle used after a verb)
The fading star can hardly be recognized. (present participle as an adjective)
Bill is ironing his shirt. (to show continuity in a continuous tense)

There are other uses, too but I hope this helps you understand the difference between a gerund and a participle. :)
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by tuanquang269 » Wed Nov 30, 2011 2:36 am
Thank for more explanation :D