Reading Comprehension

The deciphering of the sequence of the human genome and other advances in genetics have opened major new opportunities for medical progress. New knowledge about the genetic basis of disease will allow for earlier detection of illnesses, often before symptoms have begun. Genetic testing can allow individuals to take steps to reduce the likelihood that they will contract a particular disorder. New knowledge about genetics may allow for the development of better therapies that are more effective against disease or have fewer side effects than current treatments do. These advances also allow for the potential misuse of genetic information to discriminate in health insurance and employment. The current explosion in the science of genetics compels Congressional action in this area.

Although genes are facially neutral markers, many genetic conditions and disorders are associated with particular racial and ethnic groups and gender. Because some genetic traits are more prevalent among particular groups, members of a particular group may be stigmatized or discriminated against as a result of that genetic information. This form of discrimination was evident in the 1970s, which saw the advent of programs to screen and identify carriers of sickle cell anemia, a disease which disproportionately afflicts African-Americans. State legislatures began to enact discriminatory laws in the area, and in the early 1970s they began mandating genetic screening of all African Americans for sickle cell anemia, leading to discrimination and unnecessary fear. To alleviate some of this stigma, Congress in 1972 passed the National Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act, which withholds Federal funding from States unless sickle cell testing is voluntary.


What attitude is expressed by the author of this passage?


(A) Forceful but misinformed

(B) Disgusted but intrigued

(C) Incensed and impolite

(D) Thoughtful and bemused

(E) Supportive but wary