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by abhirup1711 » Wed Jun 05, 2013 2:24 am
A family of 2 parents and 2 children Adam and Bob are standing in a line. The father wants to keep an eye on Adam and always wants to make Adam stand ahead of him at all times. How many ways can the family stand in the line such that the father is able to watch Adam?
6
12
24
36
72

The answer is half of the total number of combinations. My question is how do I solve when there is more number of members and suppose the father wants to keep an eye on both the children?
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by Atekihcan » Wed Jun 05, 2013 2:54 am
Want to keep eye on one child
Among all possible arrangements, following two cases are equally possible
  • # Child is in front of father [Favorable outcome]
    # Child is behind father
As both the above cases are equally probable, number of favorable cases = Total/2

In this case, (2 + 2)!/2 = 24/2 = 12

Similarly,
Want to keep eye on two children
Among all possible arrangements, following three cases are equally possible
  • # Both children are in front of father [Favorable outcome]
    # Both children are behind father
    # One child is in front of father while the is behind the father
As all of the above cases are equally probable, number of favorable cases = Total/3

In this case, 4!/3 = 24/3 = 8
And for Mitch's example posted below, (5 + 1)!/3 = 6!/3 = 240


EDIT:
In general, if there are one father and n children, and the father wants to keep an eye on r children, number of possible arrangements = (n + 1)!/(r + 1)
Last edited by Atekihcan on Wed Jun 05, 2013 3:13 am, edited 1 time in total.

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by GMATGuruNY » Wed Jun 05, 2013 3:09 am
Below is a more complex version of the posted problem, along with an alternate approach.
A family and 5 children, including Adam and Bob, are standing in a line. The father wants to keep an eye on Adam and Bob and insists that Adam and Bob stand ahead of him at all times. How many ways can the family stand in the line such that the father is able to watch Adam and Bob?
Let the line proceed as follows:
Front...Back.

Let A = Adam, B = Bob, and F = father.
Let C, D and E = the other 3 children.

Number of options for C = 6. (Any of the 6 positions.)
Number of options for D = 5. (Any of the 5 remaining positions.)
Number of options for E = 4. (Any of the 4 remaining positions.)

Of the 3 remaining positions, the RIGHTMOST position must be occupied by F, so that he can keep an eye on Adam and Bob.
Thus:
Number of options for F = 1. (The rightmost remaining position.)
Number of options for A = 2. (Either of the 2 remaining positions.)
Number of options for B = 1. (Only 1 position left.).

To combine all of these options, we multiply:
6*5*4*1*2*1 = 240.
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by bubbliiiiiiii » Wed Jun 05, 2013 4:34 am
Hi,

I have tried to approach this problem by making groups.

Let A, B, C, D, E and F be six members where Adam (A) and Bob (B) always remain in front of Father (F).

Then I grouped (A, B and F) as one unit while others being C, D and E.

Now there are total 4 units.

Total no. of ways in which four units can be arranged = 4!
Total no. of ways in which A and B can be arranged within the ABF group = 2!

So, total number of ways = 4!*2! = 48

However, later I realized that A, B and F cannot always be together while A and B always being in front of F. For ex: EACBDE is a valid arrangement which my method fails to consider!

Could you please help me what am I missing?
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by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Wed Jun 05, 2013 6:08 am
bubbliiiiiiii wrote:Hi,

I have tried to approach this problem by making groups.

Let A, B, C, D, E and F be six members where Adam (A) and Bob (B) always remain in front of Father (F).

Then I grouped (A, B and F) as one unit while others being C, D and E.

Now there are total 4 units.

Total no. of ways in which four units can be arranged = 4!
Total no. of ways in which A and B can be arranged within the ABF group = 2!

So, total number of ways = 4!*2! = 48

However, later I realized that A, B and F cannot always be together while A and B always being in front of F. For ex: EACBDE is a valid arrangement which my method fails to consider!

Could you please help me what am I missing?
Fixing your solution isn't a matter of continuing on at the point where you made an error (as one might do with a small computational error). The problem with your solution originates at the very beginning (see above), where you assumed that Adam, Bob and the father all must be adjacent to each other. Since that assumption is incorrect, you need to start over from the very beginning, in which case I suggest that you follow the 2 approaches used by Atekihcan and Mitch.

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by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Wed Jun 05, 2013 6:11 am
abhirup1711 wrote:A family of 2 parents and 2 children Adam and Bob are standing in a line. The father wants to keep an eye on Adam and always wants to make Adam stand ahead of him at all times. How many ways can the family stand in the line such that the father is able to watch Adam?
6
12
24
36
72
If anyone would like to try solving a question similar to the one above, try this one: https://www.beatthegmat.com/counting-six ... 47167.html

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by vipulgoyal » Fri Jun 14, 2013 2:24 am
Guys I didnt C the thread, for if it is repeated solution

if father want to C th adam only

4! - (Fx3! + 2xFx2x1 + 2x1xFx1 ) F means father fixed position = 24 - 12 = 12

If father want to C both Adam and Bob

4! - ( fx3! + 1xfx2x1 ) = 16