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noun modifier

by satishchandra » Sun Dec 04, 2011 2:46 am
I am writing a correct answer choice from Kaplan 800

A new initiative requires that cable companies report to their new customers all the costs, including taxes, that the customers will be expected to pay

According to Kaplan800, the above sentence is correct.

My question is what does the clause- "that the customers will be expected to pay" modify? Costs or taxes? How can we know it?
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by GMATGuruNY » Sun Dec 04, 2011 4:33 am
satishchandra wrote:I am writing a correct answer choice from Kaplan 800

A new initiative requires that cable companies report to their new customers all the costs, including taxes, that the customers will be expected to pay

According to Kaplan800, the above sentence is correct.

My question is what does the clause- "that the customers will be expected to pay" modify? Costs or taxes? How can we know it?
Generally, a phrase set off by commas is a NON-ESSENTIAL MODIFIER.
NON-ESSENTIAL implies that the modifier can be REMOVED without altering the core meaning of the sentence.
In the sentence above, including taxes is set off by commas, indicating that it is a NON-ESSENTIAL modifier.
Hence, it can be removed from the sentence without altering the core meaning:

A new initiative requires that cable companies report to their new customers all the costs that the customers will be expected to pay.

Thus, that the customers will be expected to pay modifies COSTS.
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