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That Vs "Ing" Present Participle as Modifier

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That Vs "Ing" Present Participle as Modifier

by ashutoshmishra » Mon Aug 17, 2009 12:53 pm
Hi ,
I am always in delimma when i see two modifiers options , one containing modifier with "That" and other with present participle "ing" form

E.g

Sam was part of many activities during his school life, that included captain of football team and captain of swimming team.

The two option options between which i couldn't "that included" and "including" .

I have faced this kind of issue many times.
Is there some grammar rule that can guide me as to when to use " that" and/or when to use "Ing" form as a modifier.[/u]
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by capnx » Mon Aug 17, 2009 1:00 pm
That clause is always used to modify a noun, almost always a noun that's immediately before it.

Sam was part of many activities during his school life, that included captain of football team and captain of swimming team.
that would be used to modify "school life"
NOTE: that is singular, so must refer back to a singular noun; those is the plural form

"comma+verb-ing" is usually modifying the action of the previous clause or the entire previous clause
read here for more details on this:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier ... 38943.html
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