Genes affecting behavior

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Genes affecting behavior

by vikram4689 » Wed Oct 24, 2012 10:49 pm
Researchers studying how genes control animal behavior have had to deal with many uncertainties. In the first place, most behaviors are governed by more than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no method for identifying the multiple genes involved. In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene." Neuroscientists, whose interest in genetic research is to understand the nervous system (which generates behavior), define the term broadly. But ethologists - specialists in animal behavior - are interested in evolution, so they define the term narrowly. They insist that mutations in a behavioral gene must alter a specific normal behavior and not merely make the organism ill, so that the genetically induced behavioral change will provide variation that natural selection can act upon, possibly leading to the evolution of a new species. For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under anesthesia. Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene. In contrast, ethologists do consider the gene period (per), which controls the fruit fly's circadian (24 hour) rhythm, a behavioral gene because files with mutated per genes are healthy, they simply have different rhythms.

The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A)summarize findings in an area of research
(B)discuss different perspectives on a scientific question
(C)outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
(D)illustrate the usefulness of investigating a research topic
(E)reconcile differences between two definitions of a term

OA:B but isn't that is narrow in scope. Whether it is 'behavioral gene' is the scientific question but there are other elements as well. B ignores first 2 lines. Primary purpose is to "present the challenges faced by researchers". Among options, i find C most close but "questions" is a bit iffy.
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by anuprajan5 » Wed Oct 24, 2012 11:13 pm
Hi Vikram,

I hit on B

My initial read gave me the idea that there are different perspectives by 2 different types of scientists. As to the first 2 lines, these lines give an introduction to the discussion.

The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A)summarize findings in an area of research - Not really
(B)discuss different perspectives on a scientific question - Keeper
(C)outline the major questions in a scientific discipline - There is only 1 topic in discussion - about how 2 types of scientists differ in their definition of a behavioral gene.(D)illustrate the usefulness of investigating a research topic - Nada
(E)reconcile differences between two definitions of a term - No definitions, but rather perspectives
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by vikram4689 » Thu Oct 25, 2012 12:08 am
(C)outline the major questions in a scientific discipline - There is only 1 topic in discussion - about how 2 types of scientists differ in their definition of a behavioral gene.
but there is one more point most behaviors are governed by more than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no method for identifying the multiple genes involved.

Aren't the these 2 points(italicized + quoted) mentioned to support the larger view that Researchers studying how genes control animal behavior have had to deal with many uncertainties
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by anuprajan5 » Thu Oct 25, 2012 12:30 am
Vikram,

The problem I see is that you are using 2 lines to define the entire passage. There are 2 lines that discuss this but the rest of the passage outlines the difference in perspective between 2 types of scientists.

And to me that would be an option that we infer from specifically those 2 lines. It does not define the passage as a whole.
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by GMATGuruNY » Thu Oct 25, 2012 3:41 am
vikram4689 wrote:Researchers studying HOW GENES CONTROL ANIMAL BEHAVIOR have had to deal with many uncertainties. In the first place, most behaviors are governed by more than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no method for identifying the multiple genes involved. In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene." Neuroscientists, whose interest in genetic research is to understand the nervous system (which generates behavior), define the term broadly. But ethologists - specialists in animal behavior - are interested in evolution, so they define the term narrowly. They insist that mutations in a behavioral gene must alter a specific normal behavior and not merely make the organism ill, so that the genetically induced behavioral change will provide variation that natural selection can act upon, possibly leading to the evolution of a new species. For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under anesthesia. Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene. In contrast, ethologists do consider the gene period (per), which controls the fruit fly's circadian (24 hour) rhythm, a behavioral gene because flies with mutated per genes are healthy, they simply have different rhythms.

The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A)summarize findings in an area of research
(B)discuss different perspectives on a scientific question
(C)outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
(D)illustrate the usefulness of investigating a research topic
(E)reconcile differences between two definitions of a term
Follow the red:
Researchers studying HOW GENES CONTROL ANIMAL BEHAVIOR.
Researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree.
Neuroscientists define the term broadly.
But ethologists define the term narrowly.
Ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene.
Ethologists do consider the gene period a behavioral gene.

The lines in red support only answer choice B:
The primary purpose is to discuss different perspectives on a scientific question.
The scientific question is HOW GENES CONTROL ANIMAL BEHAVIOR.
Researchers DO NOT NECESSARILY AGREE.
The passage then gives the perspectives of NEUROSCIENTISTS AND ETHOLOGISTS.

The correct answer is B.

Answer choice C: The primary purpose is to outline the major questions in a scientific discipline.
Only ONE MAJOR QUESTION is discussed here: HOW GENES CONTROL ANIMAL BEHAVIOR.
Eliminate C.
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by vikram4689 » Thu Oct 25, 2012 5:32 am
thanks mitch. i was skeptical about word "questions" in option C from starting and i think the reason i didn't get this one is that i couldn't pre-phrased the answer in the way options were written. i pre-phrased that purpose is "to describe the uncertainties faced by researchers studying how genes control animal behavior".

please suggest where i went wrong and how can i improve this mistake.
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