In the figure above, what is the value of z?

[BTGModeratorVI]

In the figure above, what is the value of z?

1) x = y = 1
2) w = 2

Answer: C
Source: Official Guide

[Brent@GMATPrepNow]

In the figure above, what is the value of z?

1) x = y = 1
2) w = 2

Answer: C
Source: Official Guide

IMPORTANT: For geometry Data Sufficiency questions, we are typically checking to see whether the statements "lock" a particular angle, length, or shape into having just one possible measurement. This concept is discussed in much greater detail in the video at the bottom of the page.

Target question: What is the value of z?

Statement 1: x = y = 1
This statement locks a few lengths into place. However, if we MENTALLY grab the bottom right vertex, we can pull it right to left, without affecting the fact that x = y = 1.
This means that we can alter the length of bottom side, which means we can alter the value of z
Since we cannot answer the target question with certainty, statement 1 is NOT SUFFICIENT

Statement 2: w = 2
This statement locks the hypotenuse into place. However, if we MENTALLY grab the left-most side (with length x), we can move that side right and left, without affecting the fact that w = 2
This means that we can alter the length of bottom side, which means we can alter the value of z
Since we cannot answer the target question with certainty, statement 2 is NOT SUFFICIENT

Statements 1 and 2 combined
Knowing that x = 1 and w = 2 means we can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of the bottom side of the right triangle.
Once we know the length of the bottom side of the right triangle, we can add it to 1 to get the length of bottom side, which means we can definitely determine the value of z
Since we can answer the target question with certainty, the combined statements are SUFFICIENT

Answer = C

Cheers,
Brent

[deloitte247]

Let the base of rectangle = y
Then the base of triangle = t
z = y + t
Target question => What is the value of z?
Statement 1: x=y=1
Therefore, z = 1 + t
The value of 't' is unknown, hence, target question cannot be answered, statement 1 is NOT SUFFICIENT.

Statement 2: w=2
z=y+t
The value of 'y' and 't' are unknown, hence, target question cannot be answered, statement 2 is NOT SUFFICIENT.

Combining both statement together:
x=y=1 and w=2
Using pythagoras;
$$w^2=x^2+t^2$$
$$t=\sqrt{w^2-x^2}$$
$$t=\sqrt{2^2-1^2}=\sqrt{4-1}=\sqrt{3}$$
$$z=y+t=1+\sqrt{3}$$
Therefore, combining both statement together are SUFFICIENT.