OG SC prblm - confused

[jogi1984]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

[GmatKiss]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

Hi,

Please highlight/underline the part under study. This will save lot of time for the readers.

Thanks,
GK

[GmatKiss]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have beensighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

IMO:A
Hi,

Please highlight/underline the part under study. This will save lot of time for the readers.

Thanks,
GK

[gunjan1208]

IMO A

[mundasingh123]

Could an expert please confirm when
can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

[GMATGuruNY]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

In C and D, sighted AT the Sun's poles does not convey the intended meaning: it implies that sunspots have never been sighted by anyone located AT the Sun's poles. The intended meaning of the SC is that sunspots have never been sighted ON the Sun's poles. Eliminate C and D.

In B, dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun changes the meaning. The intended meaning is that SUNSPOTS (not dark spots) have never been sighted on THE SUN'S POLE OR EQUATOR (not the surface of the sun). Eliminate B.

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

[mundasingh123]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

In C and D, SIGHTED AT the Sun's poles does not convey the intended meaning: it implies that no one LOCATED AT the Sun's poles has ever seen sunspots there. The intended meaning of the SC is that sunspots have never been SIGHTED ON the Sun's poles. Eliminate C and D.

In B, dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun changes the meaning. The intended meaning is that SUNSPOTS (not dark spots) have never been sighted on THE SUN'S POLE OR EQUATOR (not the surface of the sun). Eliminate B.

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

Hi GmatGuruNY , can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

Also when we say "the solar eclipse was not seen at the equator ", does it mean that no one located at the equator was able to see the eclipse

[GMATGuruNY]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

In C and D, SIGHTED AT the Sun's poles does not convey the intended meaning: it implies that no one LOCATED AT the Sun's poles has ever seen sunspots there. The intended meaning of the SC is that sunspots have never been SIGHTED ON the Sun's poles. Eliminate C and D.

In B, dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun changes the meaning. The intended meaning is that SUNSPOTS (not dark spots) have never been sighted on THE SUN'S POLE OR EQUATOR (not the surface of the sun). Eliminate B.

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

Hi GmatGuruNY , can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

Also when we say "the solar eclipse was not seen at the equator ", does it mean that no one located at the equator was able to see the eclipse

Yup!

[mundasingh123]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

In C and D, SIGHTED AT the Sun's poles does not convey the intended meaning: it implies that no one LOCATED AT the Sun's poles has ever seen sunspots there. The intended meaning of the SC is that sunspots have never been SIGHTED ON the Sun's poles. Eliminate C and D.

In B, dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun changes the meaning. The intended meaning is that SUNSPOTS (not dark spots) have never been sighted on THE SUN'S POLE OR EQUATOR (not the surface of the sun). Eliminate B.

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

Hi GmatGuruNY , can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

Also when we say "the solar eclipse was not seen at the equator ", does it mean that no one located at the equator was able to see the eclipse

Yup!

Hi GmatGuruNY , Does this answer my 1st question as well

can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

[GMATGuruNY]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

In C and D, SIGHTED AT the Sun's poles does not convey the intended meaning: it implies that no one LOCATED AT the Sun's poles has ever seen sunspots there. The intended meaning of the SC is that sunspots have never been SIGHTED ON the Sun's poles. Eliminate C and D.

In B, dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun changes the meaning. The intended meaning is that SUNSPOTS (not dark spots) have never been sighted on THE SUN'S POLE OR EQUATOR (not the surface of the sun). Eliminate B.

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

Hi GmatGuruNY , can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

Also when we say "the solar eclipse was not seen at the equator ", does it mean that no one located at the equator was able to see the eclipse

Yup!

Hi GmatGuruNY , Does this answer my 1st question as well

can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

Which HAVE (plural) implies that which refers to spots (plural). Which HAS (singular) would imply that which refers to surface (singular).

[mundasingh123]

Hi GmatGuruNY , I apologize for referring to the wrong example
I have read that the that modifier could refer to x
in the
X + preposition + Y + that structure
could we say the same of
X + preposition + Y + which structure

Take for example the following sentence
i walked on the road to aden,which is famous for its tigers .
I understand that this sentence has been badly written but you must have got an idea of what exactly i am asking .

[navami]

IMO A

[Crystal W]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

In C and D, sighted AT the Sun's poles does not convey the intended meaning: it implies that sunspots have never been sighted by anyone located AT the Sun's poles. The intended meaning of the SC is that sunspots have never been sighted ON the Sun's poles. Eliminate C and D.

In B, dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun changes the meaning. The intended meaning is that SUNSPOTS (not dark spots) have never been sighted on THE SUN'S POLE OR EQUATOR (not the surface of the sun). Eliminate B.

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

In Choice E, do you mean the sentence structure is right and the function of which is right, but it changes the sentence meaning?

[Crystal W]

Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong
electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on
the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
the Sun's poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the
Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been
sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots
although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun,
although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface,
which have never been sighted on

In C and D, SIGHTED AT the Sun's poles does not convey the intended meaning: it implies that no one LOCATED AT the Sun's poles has ever seen sunspots there. The intended meaning of the SC is that sunspots have never been SIGHTED ON the Sun's poles. Eliminate C and D.

In B, dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun changes the meaning. The intended meaning is that SUNSPOTS (not dark spots) have never been sighted on THE SUN'S POLE OR EQUATOR (not the surface of the sun). Eliminate B.

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

Hi GmatGuruNY , can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

Also when we say "the solar eclipse was not seen at the equator ", does it mean that no one located at the equator was able to see the eclipse

Yup!

Hi GmatGuruNY , Does this answer my 1st question as well

can which refer to X in
X of Y, which construction
This is in context of option E

In the structure X of Y, which, which refers to X or Y? or this will be ambiguous?

[GMATGuruNY]

In E, which have refers to dark spots, implying that dark spots have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. The intended meaning of the SC is that SUNSPOTS have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Eliminate E.

The correct answer is A.

In Choice E, do you mean the sentence structure is right and the function of which is right, but it changes the sentence meaning?

E conveys a meaning that is not only different from the original but also ILLOGICAL on its own.
E: Sunspots appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface, which have never been sighted at the Sun's pole or equator.
Here, which have (which + plural verb) seems to refer to dark spots (the nearest preceding plural noun).
While the portion in red conveys that sunspots appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface, the portion in blue conveys a CONTRASTING MEANING: that dark spots HAVE NEVER BEEN SIGHTED at the Sun's pole or equator.
COMMA + which cannot serve to introduce a contrasting meaning.
To indicate contrast, a connnecting word such as although or but is needed.
Eliminate E.