Acid Rain

[srisl11]

56.Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.

(A) with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(B) with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(C) and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(D) and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive
(E) and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

One more confusing one

[gmatnvarun]

since there is a 'between' used here,there has to be an 'and' too.So,we can ignore A and B.And,it looks like the chemical reaction is happening between the 'industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides' and ' atmospheric water vapor' .D can be ignored as it is wrongly using 'which have' after the water vapour.In C,'which is ' after the 'water vapour' is taking only water vapour into consideration and hence leaves keeping both emmissions and watervapour.My chhoice is E.

Thanks,Varun

[srisl11]

gmatnvarun
The sentence will look like this
Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

The OA is[spoiler] E
[/spoiler]
I'm little confused regarding the and.....and... structure

or may be I should use the Idiom between X and Y and go for E

[iamcste]

56.Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.

(A) with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(B) with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(C) and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(D) and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive
(E) and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

One more confusing one

Sentence tests 2 usage

1. Idiom
2. Modifier

Idiom: Between X and Y

X=Industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Y=atmospheric water

Clearly A and B are out

2. Modifier

Which is a non-essentail modifier and to indiciate that comma should be placed. If commas are not placed, means "which" is used as "essential modifier"

which should replace that

C and D eliminated

( Yes-Commas have their own role in modifiers and not should be just taken as one element in punctuation)


Left out is E

[karmayogi]

Idiom is between x and y.

I also selected E. But, I am little confused about the last part ...vapor to produce highly corrosive.... 'to produce' seems to be awkward to me.

Any explanation?

[srisl11]

Idiom is between x and y.

I also selected E. But, I am little confused about the last part ...vapor to produce highly corrosive.... 'to produce' seems to be awkward to me.

Any explanation?

It sounds like Acid rain and snow result from chemical reactions................ ...to produce

its confusing...

Help us please

[iamcste]

"Producing" would be better

But, all others get eliminated so you can say E is the better among the lot

This is not uncommon-1000 SC has the feature inbulit in it

If some one starts studay with 1000 SC, (s) he would be filled with such doubts

[gmatnvarun]

I think we all would agree that by following the process of elimination and by applying the idiom ' between X and Y',we are coming down to choice E.

Justification for E -

Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

Try reading like this - A results from chemical reactions between X and Y to produce Z.

Now,'to produce' has to be there as it defines the purpose of chemical reactions.

Hope now things will be better.

[perfectstranger]

56.Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.

(A) with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(B) with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(C) and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(D) and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive
(E) and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids

One more confusing one

with the OA we cannot use and if we have to there must be among not between . Between is used for 2 things X ...and Y.... and ...what's that?? A industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are two same things and react with vapor and producing something. Expert opinion needed . My answer is B and not convinced.

[DanaJ]

Received a PM.

The way I tackle SC questions: go for the 2-3 split and after you've eliminated some of the wrong choices use more detailed rules to pick the winner.

Here we start off noticing that the correct idiom is "between X and Y", which helps us eliminate A and B. This means we're down to the 2-3 split (2: A&B; 3: C,D,E in this case).

The next step is to notice the crucial difference between the wrong answers and the correct one. Here we have the form and time of the verb "to produce". In both C and D, we have the Present Perfect ("have produced", "has produced"), a tense which expresses an action that occurred sometime in the past up to the present moment. The use of this tense is incorrect, because of the verb "result" in the first line. This verb indicates a present action (it's in the Simple Present form) and "begs" for something else except Present Perfect.

This leaves E.

Now, to answer the above poster's question: if you have a love of chemistry such as myself, you would know that "sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides" form just one section, i.e. a basic enumeration. The "and" between the two types of oxides means that they are linked to form this enumeration, while the second "and" is part of the idiom "between X and Y". "Among" has no place here. It expresses "belonging" to a certain group: "He is the bravest among us".

Chemistry stuff:

SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 - sulfuric acid
3 NO2 + H2O = 2 HNO3 + NO - nitric acid (most corrosive acid with nitrogen)

[Krabhay]

'Between' is always followed by 'and' and not by 'with'.
So, option a and b are out.
Moreover, the whole sentence is in simple present tense. So, the use of 'has' and 'have' is grammatically wrong.
Hence, e is the answer.