Standard Deviation and Probability

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Standard Deviation and Probability

by j_shreyans » Fri Feb 27, 2015 10:11 am
Hi All ,

I always face a problem while solving question of S.D. and probability , can you guys please advise where should i study these two topics. I think first i should go through the basics of these two topics.

So please advise some links, formulas,and techniques to solve .

Please help.

Thanks

Shreyans
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by [email protected] » Fri Feb 27, 2015 11:03 am
Hi j_shreyans,

What resources are you currently using to study with?

SD and probability are both rarer subjects on the Official GMAT. You'll likely see just 1 SD question and not much more than 1-3 Probability questions on Test Day. As such, those subjects are not a big contributor to your score.

What have your Scaled Scores been on your last couple of CATs? If you're looking to make a big score jump, then you'd likely be better served by focusing on the big categories (DS, Algebra, Arithmetic, etc.).

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by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Fri Feb 27, 2015 12:54 pm
To focus on one topic at a time, you can use BTG's tagging feature.
For example, here are all of the questions tagged as Standard Deviation questions: https://www.beatthegmat.com/forums/tags/ ... -deviation
Probability questions: https://www.beatthegmat.com/forums/tags/ ... robability
See the left side of that linked page for more tag options.

Here a few Standard Deviation pointers:

For the purposes of the GMAT, it's sufficient to think of Standard Deviation as the Average Distance from the Mean. Here's what I mean:

Consider these two sets: Set A {7,9,10,14} and set B {1,8,13,18}
The mean of set A = 10 and the mean of set B = 10
How do the Standard Deviations compare? Well, since the numbers in set B deviate the more from the mean than do the numbers in set A, we can see that the standard deviation of set B must be greater than the standard deviation of set A.

Alternatively, let's examine the Average Distance from the Mean for each set.

Set A {7,9,10,14}
Mean = 10
7 is a distance of 3 from the mean of 10
9 is a distance of 1 from the mean of 10
10 is a distance of 0 from the mean of 10
14 is a distance of 4 from the mean of 10
So, the average distance from the mean = (3+1+0+4)/4 = 2

B {1,8,13,18}
Mean = 10
1 is a distance of 9 from the mean of 10
8 is a distance of 2 from the mean of 10
13 is a distance of 3 from the mean of 10
18 is a distance of 8 from the mean of 10
So, the average distance from the mean = (9+2+3+8)/4 = 5.5

IMPORTANT: I'm not saying that the Standard Deviation of set A equals 2, and I'm not saying that the Standard Deviation of set B equals 5.5 (They are reasonably close however).

What I am saying is that the average distance from the mean can help us see that the standard deviation of set B must be greater than the standard deviation of set A.
More importantly, the average distance from the mean is a useful way to think of standard deviation. This model is a convenient way to handle most standard deviation questions on the GMAT.

Here are a few practice questions where we can apply the concept of "average distance from the mean" as an approximation for Standard Deviation:

https://www.beatthegmat.com/standard-dev ... 74384.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/standard-dev ... 69584.html
https://www.beatthegmat.com/range-and-sd-t89159.html

----------------------
Some SD questions feature standard deviations above and below the mean
Here's some info about that concept:
If, for example, a set has a standard deviation of 4, then:
1 standard deviation = 4
2 standard deviations = 8
3 standard deviations = 12
1.5 standard deviations = 6
0.25 standard deviations = 1
etc


So, if the mean of a set is 9, and the standard deviation is 4, then:
2 standard deviations ABOVE the mean = 17 [since 9 + 2(4) = 17]
1.5 standard deviations BELOW the mean = 3 [since 9 - 1.5(4) = 3]
3 standard deviations ABOVE the mean = 21 [since 9 + 3(4) = 21]
etc.


Cheers,
Brent
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by Matt@VeritasPrep » Mon Mar 02, 2015 4:02 pm
I would expect one SD question and 1-2 probability questions. These aren't crucial, but in my experience the SD questions are _very easy_ for students who have studied SD before, while the probability questions tend to remain challenging, even after a significant amount of practice. To that end, I'd recommend just guessing on the probability Qs unless you want to spend a good amount of time studying probability. (It's certainly worth it, as you'll need to know it in business (and life!), but it's your call.)