in effect vs so that

[armaan700+]

In cold-water habitats, certain invertebrates and fish convert starches into complex carbohydrates called glycerols, in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze.
(A) in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze
(B) effectively manufacturing antifreeze of its own
(C) in effect manufacturing their own antifreeze.
(D) so that they manufacture their own antifreeze
(E) thus the manufacture of its own antifreeze

Y not D ,

[madhur_ahuja]

so that is used to indicate purpose. Here the intention is not purpose. It is something an advantage which is arising out indirectly.

For Ex,

People live in cold areas and in effect become whitish in color.

Here it would be wrong to say that

People live in cold areas so that they become whitish in color.

[gmat_2010]

Is it C? What's the OA?

The process manufactured the anti-freeze. They don't convert starch in carb to produce something that could be used as anti-freeze (produce something so that they could produce anti-freeze)

[Shawshank]

IMO -- C

"D" looks more wordy..

[armaan700+]

OA IS C

[Onell]

Is it C? What's the OA?

The process manufactured the anti-freeze. They don't convert starch in carb to produce something that could be used as anti-freeze (produce something so that they could produce anti-freeze)

Why the modifier "in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze" is placed close to glycerols when it should be close to invertebrates?

[ikaplan]

To me, D looks wordy- think of the tripartite compound 'that', 'they', their'

Additionally, original sentence states 'in effect'; D misses this point and states that invertebrates produce Y.

IMO C is the correct answer

[tomada]

Perceived wordiness aside, (D) has an entirely different meaning than (C). As someone stated, (C) indicates that the production of internal "antifreeze" is an unintended biological by-product of processing carbohydrates. (D) indicates that the fish and invertebrates are actively trying to produce this internal "antifreeze", and actively process the carbohydrates in such a manner as to achieve that goal.

[sungoal]

choice D has pronoun ambiguity. In choice D, the pronoun "they" can refer to glycerols aslo. So incorrect..

[Jim@Grockit]

Perceived wordiness aside, (D) has an entirely different meaning than (C). As someone stated, (C) indicates that the production of internal "antifreeze" is an unintended biological by-product of processing carbohydrates. (D) indicates that the fish and invertebrates are actively trying to produce this internal "antifreeze", and actively process the carbohydrates in such a manner as to achieve that goal.

This is the main issue as I see it. "so that" has the same force as "in order to", and invertebrates and fish just don't have the ability to plan.

I left my car unlocked, with the result that it could be robbed is very different from I left my car unlocked so that it could be robbed.

[Target2009]

IMO - C invertebrates and fish ==> their