cost to meet environmental regulations

[thephoenix]

The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(A) The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(B) The United States petroleum industry's cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry's cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
which rule is being tested here, pls help

[jitendra_mulchandani]

IMO C.

I think the sentence is trying to test for modifiers and the main subject is the cost.

(A) The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade. It is not petroleum which is projected but the cost.

(B) The United States petroleum industry's cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
Wordy and confusing...
(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry's cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
--Correctly modifying the cost and clear

(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
To meet ...should modify the industry rather than the cost ...

(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
that should directly modify the cost...

[FightWithGMAT]

The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(A) The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(B) The United States petroleum industry's cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry's cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
which rule is being tested here, pls help

Ans is E

[outreach]

answer should be E
C.."cost of" is incorrect..."cost to"
also feel possesive form industry's is not needed

This Question tests
modifer,idiom

The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(A) The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(B) The United States petroleum industry's cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry's cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
which rule is being tested here, pls help

[pnk]

The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

(A) The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade. (idiom: cost to {someone} => 'cost to meet' incorrect)

(B) The United States petroleum industry's cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (idiom: cost to {someone} => 'cost to meet' incorrect)

(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry's cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (correct idiom but awkward construction....'by the end of decade' should be as close to cost as possible)

(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade. (modifier problem....as if 'cost' to meet environment regulations=> incorrect idiom )

(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (correct)

Correct idiom: cost of something (cost of sending your child...); cost tof someone (cost to the inhabitants...)

time: 2:50 mins

[nikhilkatira]

The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(A) The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(B) The United States petroleum industry's cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry's cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
which rule is being tested here, pls help

Is the idiom "estimate x to be you " used properly in option E ?

OA?

[crackinggmat]

i feel that it should be E....most clear among others.....

[FightWithGMAT]

The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

(A) The United States petroleum industry's cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade. (idiom: cost to {someone} => 'cost to meet' incorrect)

(B) The United States petroleum industry's cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (idiom: cost to {someone} => 'cost to meet' incorrect)

(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry's cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (correct idiom but awkward construction....'by the end of decade' should be as close to cost as possible)

(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade. (modifier problem....as if 'cost' to meet environment regulations=> incorrect idiom )

(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (correct)

Correct idiom: cost of something (cost of sending your child...); cost tof someone (cost to the inhabitants...)

time: 2:50 mins

I agree with you. Even I selected E.

But when I analyzed the answer, I found something that is generally not very acceptable in GMAT.

When we announced something in the past, the thing should be accompanied by "would"- futuristic representation.

estimated that.................cost would be (instead of "cost will be").

what's your take on this??

Experts, please explain this.

[vijay_venky]

I think this E a passive voice in the present tense,

for example in the active voice the sentence structure might look like

<> estimate that the cost to <> of <> will be <>.

and in the passive voice as generally happens, actor has been ignored.

Please correct me if I'm wrong.

[pnk]

Hi FightwithGMAT

Let me try answer your concern:

Posted: Sat Jun 05, 2010 3:03 pm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pnk wrote:
The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

(A) The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade. (idiom: cost to {someone} => 'cost to meet' incorrect)

(B) The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (idiom: cost to {someone} => 'cost to meet' incorrect)

(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (correct idiom but awkward construction....'by the end of decade' should be as close to cost as possible)

(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade. (modifier problem....as if 'cost' to meet environment regulations=> incorrect idiom )

(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum. (correct)

Correct idiom: cost of something (cost of sending your child...); cost tof someone (cost to the inhabitants...)

time: 2:50 mins
I agree with you. Even I selected E.

But when I analyzed the answer, I found something that is generally not very acceptable in GMAT.

When we announced something in the past, the thing should be accompanied by "would"- futuristic representation.

estimated that.................cost would be (instead of "cost will be").

what's your take on this??
-------------------------------------------------

Setence talks about something in future from the point of view of present - use 'will'
eg: He says "he will buy a new car".
But Setence talks about something in future from the point of view of past - use 'would'
eg: He said that he would buy a new car.

E is case of first case => will

Did I address your concern!!