Municipalities

[aj5105]

Municipalities have begun demanding that private developers pay an increased share of the costs of expanding the current road networks, sewer systems, and other public services to accommodate new development projects.

(A) demanding that private developers pay an increased share of the costs of expanding

(B) demanding private developers to pay for an increased share of the costs of expanding

(C) demanding payment by private developers for an increased share of the costs of expanding

(D) to demand that private developers pay for an increased share of the costs to expand

(E) to demand that private developers should pay an increased share of the costs to expand

with explanations please.

[madhur_ahuja]

IMO D

The meaning of sentence is confusing.

There can be two meanings:
* Municipalities are demanding increased share from what they were paying previously.
* Municipalities are demanding payment because of increased share of costs of ....

IMO, 2nd one is intended.

Municipalities have begun demanding that private developers pay an increased share of the costs of expanding the current road networks, sewer systems, and other public services to accommodate new development projects.

(A) demanding that private developers pay an increased share of the costs of expanding

distorted meaning ...

(B) demanding private developers to pay for an increased share of the costs of expanding

(C) demanding payment by private developers for an increased share of the costs of expanding

by is awkward

(D) to demand that private developers pay for an increased share of the costs to expand

Seems good

(E) to demand that private developers should pay an increased share of the costs to expand

should is wrong

with explanations please.

[ketkoag]

To demand.. clearly a subjunctive case.. Hence D..
to demand that private developers pay for an increased share of the costs to expand

[real2008]

IMO D

The meaning of sentence is confusing.

There can be two meanings:
* Municipalities are demanding increased share from what they were paying previously.
* Municipalities are demanding payment because of increased share of costs of ....

IMO, 2nd one is intended.

Municipalities have begun demanding that private developers pay an increased share of the costs of expanding the current road networks, sewer systems, and other public services to accommodate new development projects.

(A) demanding that private developers pay an increased share of the costs of expanding

distorted meaning ...

(B) demanding private developers to pay for an increased share of the costs of expanding

(C) demanding payment by private developers for an increased share of the costs of expanding

by is awkward

(D) to demand that private developers pay for an increased share of the costs to expand

Seems good

(E) to demand that private developers should pay an increased share of the costs to expand

should is wrong

with explanations please.

Hi Madhur,

can I say that in choice A 'for' is missing and hence wrong?? (pay for)

[madhur_ahuja]

IMO D

Hi Madhur,

can I say that in choice A 'for' is missing and hence wrong?? (pay for)

Yes.

[aj5105]

Guys,

OA is (A). Sorry to say, I am NOT sure about the OA.

'pay for' means ''make amends for", "suffer from", "bear the expense of".

This is not the meaning we are looking for here.

So, IMO options with ''pay for'' are wrong.

Experts, please pitch in.

[lamhe]

to demains is wrong....have begun (verb) followed by infintive verb is wrong....have begun should follow noun, gerund in this case...A makes the cut....

[mayur00]

"demanding that private developers pay" is the correct usage of subjunctive mood, hence option A is the answer.[/b]

[Stacey Koprince]

Received a PM asking me to respond. The set-up does, indeed, require subjunctive and only A and D provide subjunctive, so we can narrow to those two to start.

There is also a meaning difference between A and D. Be really careful with this though - you cannot decide that the meaning of D is really what was intended over the meaning of A. A is the given, accepted meaning - the ONLY reason we can change the meaning of A is if that original meaning is logically impossible in some way.

For instance, "the extra expenses were eliminated and reduced."

If that were our original sentence, I would be allowed to change the meaning, because you can't eliminate something and then reduce it - that's illogical. If there's another choice that says "the extra expenses were eliminated or reduced," that would be better than the original because using "or" in this situation is not illogical (as is using "and").

So, the original meaning of A is: new development projects cost the cities money in the form of expanding certain public services. The cities want the developers to pay more of the costs of expanding these public services.

The meaning in D is close, but not quite the same thing. It says that the cities want the developers to pay more of the costs (of what?) (in order) to expand certain public services. It doesn't actually say what costs the cities want the developers to pay! It only says that, in order to be able to expand certain public services, the cities want the municipalities to pay for more of some unspecified costs.

For example, she wants her boyfriend to pay more to expand the caliber of restaurant at which they eat. Pay more what? Pay more of the household expenses, of which she currently pays 90%, so that she has more disposable income and can treat them to a fancy dinner? Or pay more of the cost of the actual fancy dinner? I don't know.

But: she wants her boyfriend to pay more of the costs of expanding the caliber of restaurant at which they eat... okay, she wants him to pay more of the costs for the fancy dinner itself.