Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exhange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.
A) which kept
B) that keeps
C) which has kept
D) that has been keeping
E) having kept

OA : B

Specific query for SC experts:
I could eliminate A and C.
I have specific query about D and E.

OG says D is wrong tense. As per my knowledge, has been keeping means an action which started in past and is ongoing.

OG says in E, kept is wrong tense. But isnt Having kept means an action started in past and ongoing in present?

Is my understanding wrong here? Can someone please help.

Thanks.