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doubt SC 1

by aditya8062 » Mon May 16, 2016 7:45 pm
The cytokines of the immune system, acting as signalers to adjacent cells, can provoke dangerous inflammation; the resultant autoimmune disease, characterized by cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are known as "rheumatoid arthritis."

a. cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are
b. cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
c. cartilage and bone that become damaged although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
d. damaged cartilage and bone although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
e. damaged cartilage and bone although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is

doubt: i came across this question and the OA is B; however i feel that the construction "characterised by cartilage and bone that become damaged" is much INFERIOR to the construction "characterised by damaged cartilage and bone"

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by GMATGuruNY » Tue May 17, 2016 2:27 am
aditya8062 wrote:i feel that the construction "characterised by cartilage and bone that become damaged" is much INFERIOR to the construction "characterised by damaged cartilage and bone"

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E: characterized by damaged cartilage and bone although they are not actually attacked
Here, although serve to express a contrast between a NOUN PHRASE (damaged cartilage and bone) and a CLAUSE (they are not actually attacked).
The result is a lack of parallelism.

OA: characterized by cartilage and bone that are damaged although they are not actually attacked
Here, although serves to express a contrast between TWO CLAUSES (that are damaged and they are not actually attacked).
The result is superior parallelism.

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by OptimusPrep » Tue May 17, 2016 6:24 pm
aditya8062 wrote:The cytokines of the immune system, acting as signalers to adjacent cells, can provoke dangerous inflammation; the resultant autoimmune disease, characterized by cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are known as "rheumatoid arthritis."

a. cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are
b. cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
c. cartilage and bone that become damaged although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
d. damaged cartilage and bone although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
e. damaged cartilage and bone although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is

doubt: i came across this question and the OA is B; however i feel that the construction "characterised by cartilage and bone that become damaged" is much INFERIOR to the construction "characterised by damaged cartilage and bone"

Thanks
We need to keep the meaning of the sentence in mind while solving this question.
The disease is characterised both by the damaged cartilage and damaged bone.
Option B says the same whereas option E says damaged cartilage and bone (not damaged).

These statements look absolutely fine when we speak them, but we need to understand that the statements should convey the intended meaning.
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