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Usage of WHICH

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Usage of WHICH

by prachich1987 » Thu Feb 03, 2011 10:55 pm
Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

Source : OG
The OA is indeed B
Can anybody tell me WHICH refers to which phrase/noun here?
Thanks!
Prachi
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by Night reader » Thu Feb 03, 2011 11:13 pm
WHICH is related to abuse: /which/ and /that/ always follow (sorry) the words they define, complete, modify

/that/ also functions to link (sub)clauses

It's rare case when we can eliminate /which/. The click to eliminate /that/ --> read the sentence without /that/ if it makes sense - eliminate /that/ BUT not before (sub)clause
It's B indeed, apparent for the following reasons
(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business <-- Correct
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already ?? misplaced modifier //with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business
prachich1987 wrote:Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

Source : OG
The OA is indeed B
Can anybody tell me WHICH refers to which phrase/noun here?
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by diebeatsthegmat » Fri Feb 04, 2011 1:09 am
prachich1987 wrote:Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

Source : OG
The OA is indeed B
Can anybody tell me WHICH refers to which phrase/noun here?
night reader explain so well that i have nothing to say more
about which? i think which refers to the phrase " the effects of...."
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by Night reader » Fri Feb 04, 2011 5:55 am
yes, true it's "effects of ... abuse", thanks diebeatsthegmat.
diebeatsthegmat wrote:
prachich1987 wrote:Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

Source : OG
The OA is indeed B
Can anybody tell me WHICH refers to which phrase/noun here?
night reader explain so well that i have nothing to say more
about which? i think which refers to the phrase " the effects of...."
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by Night reader » Mon Feb 07, 2011 3:30 am
@Prachich some more insights about 'which' and 'that':

Most often than not, in GMAT, which would be preceded by a comma in the sentence. e.g. Get me the book, which is mine. Which is used to qualify the book i.e. which is mine. There may be many books in the room, but I want my book.

'Which' should always refer to a noun. e.g. Get me the book, which is mine. So, 'which' here refers to the noun 'book'.

* Which should apply to things
* The other thing--which must replace a noun, not a sentence or idea.
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by Target2009 » Mon Feb 07, 2011 8:13 pm
As per my understanding "WHICH refers to drug and alcohol abuse".
And IMO : B.
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Abhishek
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by Target2009 » Mon Feb 07, 2011 8:18 pm
Night reader wrote:@Prachich some more insights about 'which' and 'that':

Most often than not, in GMAT, which would be preceded by a comma in the sentence. e.g. Get me the book, which is mine. Which is used to qualify the book i.e. which is mine. There may be many books in the room, but I want my book.

'Which' should always refer to a noun. e.g. Get me the book, which is mine. So, 'which' here refers to the noun 'book'.

* Which should apply to things
* The other thing--which must replace a noun, not a sentence or idea.
May be everyone already knows this, but just thought of sharing because when first time I saw this it was new for me.

"Normally a relative clause should touch the noun that it modifies, but we are generally allowed to place an appositive between a relative clause and the modified noun."
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by prachich1987 » Tue Feb 08, 2011 3:58 am
Target2009 wrote:As per my understanding "WHICH refers to drug and alcohol abuse".
And IMO : B.
So Drug and alcohol abuse cost business of more than $100 a year????
Doesn't it sound weird?
Thanks!
Prachi
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