Though clearing and burning activities are kept in check by most afforestation programs, they fail to track hyper-grazing (by goats and sheep), destroying the top foliage, or pests, boring holes through large tree trunks.

A. destroying the top foliage, or pests, boring
B. destroying the top foliage, as well as pests that bore
C. which destroys the top foliage, along with pests that bore
D. which is the destruction of top foliage, as well as pests, boring
E. which is the destruction of the top foliage, or pests that bore