Not to undermine Stuart's method......but i thought of the sum in the following manner and it helped me solve the sum in 10 sec...
Think of a round dial clock hanging on the wall..... think of any number and its diametric opposite....for instance 2 and its diametric opposite 8
2 is the 10th minute on the clock and 8 has 20 minutes to go to reach centre number 12..... when 10 and 20 are added we get 30...which is 60 minutes (total no of minutes in an hour) divided by 2... this holds true for any minute on the clock....
hence the equation for this sum is as follows.....let the total number of chairs be x....(x corresponds to 60 minutes)
3 + (x-18) = x/2...solve for x, x= 30....
This explanation may make the problem more tedious...but if we can imagine a clock then the answer really presents itself
tx