richachampion wrote:The increased popularity and availability of televisions has led to the decline of regional dialects, language variations which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated by geographic isolation.
(A) which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(B) that originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(C) originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(D) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated
(E) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuating
A:
variations which
On the GMAT, NOUN +
which is always wrong.
Eliminate A.
A conjunction such as
and must serve to connect PARALLEL FORMS.
B:
language variations that originated...and perpetuated by geographic isolation
Here,
originated is a VERB, while
perpetuated is a MODIFIER.
What did language variations DO?
They ORIGINATED.
What KIND of language variations?
language variations PERPETUATED by geographic isolation.
Since
and may not serve to connect a verb to a modifier, eliminate B.
C implies the following:
language variations [that were] originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages
Here, the conveyed meaning is that SOMEONE initiated the language variations.
Not the intended meaning.
The intended meaning is that regional dialects are language variations that DEVELOP ON THEIR OWN, with diverse ethnic and cultural heritages serving as the SOURCE of these variations.
For the sentence to convey this meaning, the required idiom
originating from, as in the OA:
language variations originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages
Here, the usage of
originating from conveys that diverse ethnic and cultural heritages are the source of the language variations.
Eliminate C.
To perpetuate X means
to cause X to continue.
E:
language variations...perpetuating by geographic isolation
Here, the usage of
perpetuating implies that language variations are causing something to continue.
Not the intended meaning.
The intended meaning is that geographic isolation is causing the language variations to continue.
For the sentence to convey this meaning, the required idiom is
perpetuated by, as in the OA:
language variations...perpetuated by geographic isolation
Here, the usage of
perpetuated by conveys that geographic isolation is causing the language variations to continue.
Eliminate E.
The correct answer is
D.
OA:
language variations originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated by by geographic isolation
Here,
originating and
perpetuated are parallel in that each serves as MODIFIER describing the language variations.
For another OA in which a VERBing modifier is parallel with a VERBed modifier, check here:
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