Factors.

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Factors.

by goyalsau » Tue Oct 26, 2010 2:47 am
In How many ways can a number 6084 be written as a product of two different factors?

27
26
13
14
None of these.
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by kvcpk » Tue Oct 26, 2010 3:09 am
First find the prime factors of 6084
2*3042
2*2*1521
2*2*3*507
2*2*3*3*169
2*2*3*3*13*13

2^2*3^2*13^2

Number of factors = (2+1)*(2+1)*(2+1) = 3*3*3 = 27
Using each of these factors, we can write 6084 as a product of 2 factors.
Half of these will remain same.

Let us take a simple example, 6
number of factors = 4
1,2,3,6
can be written as
1*6
2*3
We cant repeat 6*1 and 3*2 as they are already taken.
Hence only 2 ways.

Another example: take 9.
Number of factors = 3
1,3,9
can be written as
1*9 only.
Hence only 1 way.

So it turnsout ot be number of factors/2 if number of factors is even and
(number of factors-1)/2 if number of factors is odd.

Therefore: 27-1/2 = 26/2 = 13

Hence pick C.

Hope this helps!!
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by Rahul@gurome » Tue Oct 26, 2010 3:32 am
goyalsau wrote:In How many ways can a number 6084 be written as a product of two different factors?

27
26
13
14
None of these.
6084 = (2^2)*(3^2)*(13^2) = 78^2
Therefore, number of factors of 6084 = ( 2 + 1)*( 2 + 1)*( 2 + 1) = 27

Number of ways to express a number as a product of two factors,
= (Number of factors)/2 ; if the number is not a perfect square
and
= (Number of factors + 1)/2 ; if the number is a perfect square

As 6084 is a perfect square, number of ways to express 6084 as a product of two factors = (27 + 1)/2 = 14
One of the way is 6084 = 78*78

Therefore, number of ways to express 6084 as a product of two factors = 14 - 1 =13


The correct answer is C.
Last edited by Rahul@gurome on Tue Oct 26, 2010 5:41 am, edited 1 time in total.
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by fskilnik@GMATH » Tue Oct 26, 2010 3:38 am
kvcpk wrote:Another example: take 9.
Number of factors = 3
1,3,9
can be written as
1*9 only.
Hence only 1 way.
Ops... you forgot 9 = 3*3 :(
kvcpk wrote: So it turnsout ot be number of factors/2 if number of factors is even
ALMOST right (more about it at the end) ...
kvcpk wrote: and (number of factors-1)/2 if number of factors is odd.
No!! Let´s correct this: (number of factors + 1)/2 if number of positive factors is odd. (But read till the end!!!!)

Example: number 9, then 9 = 3^2 therefore (2+1) = 3 factors, therefore three initial pairs:
(1, 9), (3,3) and (9,1) , so you subtract the (3,3) pair , divides by 2 (one correspondent for each "duplicity") and put back the (3,3) you subtracted, that is: (number of factors - 1) /2 + 1 = (number of factors+1)/2 , that´s the (almost) right answer!! (Check the equality I mentioned).


Final Explanation/Correction: the answer is B, because negative factors were not excluded from the question stem! That means that kvcpk should just double his final argument, because for every par (a´,b´) of positive integers such that a.b = 6,084 you will have a different pair (a´, b´) of negative integers with the same property! (a´ and b´ are the opposites of a and b, respectively.)

Obs.: please read my other post (below) to understand why the answer is not E... at this post we did not excluded equal factors...

Example 01: let´s do it for the number 12... (not a perfect square)

(1, 12) --> (-1, -12)
(2, 6) --> (-2, -6)
(3, 4) -- (-3, -4)

Using our formula: 6/2 = 3 and then double it to get 2.3 = 6, correct!!


Example 02: let´s do it for the number 25... (a perfect square)

(1, 25) --> (-1, -25)
(5, 5) --> (-5, -5)

Using our formula: (3+1)/2 = 2 and then double it to get 2.2 = 4, correct!!

Important: in this problem, we must take out same factors (question stem), therefore AT THE END (of case/example 02, that is, when we have a perfect square) we subtract always 2, that is (a, a) and (-a, -a) where a is the arithmetic root of the (perfect square) number given... more on this matter in my next post, right after Rahul´s...

Regards,
Fabio.
Last edited by fskilnik@GMATH on Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:05 am, edited 3 times in total.
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by fskilnik@GMATH » Tue Oct 26, 2010 3:43 am
I guess we all first though about "pairs" (a,b) where the order does not count, but we did NOT excluded equal factors, I mean, the "pairs" (a,a)... so that the formula (# of factors +1)/2 means NOT different factors, so (if I am not wrong), I would say that:
As 6084 is a perfect square, number of ways to express 6084 as a product of two POSITIVE factors, EQUAL OR NOT, is = (27 + 1)/2 = 14
therefore we have to take out the (78,78) included above, so the answer is (14-1).2 = 26 !!

Regards,
Fabio.
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by fskilnik@GMATH » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:13 am
Alternative Approach (MUCH quicker):

From the fact that (factorizing into primes) 6,084 is a perfect square that has 27 positive factors and exactly one of them is its (arithmetic) root, it means that 6,084 has 26/2 positive factors below its square root (I mean arithmetic square root). Each one of them turns out to be a "representative" of a product of different positive integers, therefore the answer is simply twice of it, therefore 2. (26/2) = 26 and we are sure we got the negative integers AND we did not count (a,a) cases!!

Regards,
Fabio.
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by goyalsau » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:19 am
goyalsau wrote:In How many ways can a number 6084 be written as a product of two different factors?

27
26
13
14
None of these.
OA is C 13
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by kvcpk » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:28 am
The problem is asking for product of two DIFFERENT factors. Hence I did not use 3*3

Am I missing something?
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by fskilnik@GMATH » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:28 am
goyalsau wrote:OA is C 13
Mine is the correct one, goyalsau. Did you understand why?

(This is one more example that official guides are not perfect, by the way.)
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by kvcpk » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:31 am
goyalsau wrote:
goyalsau wrote:In How many ways can a number 6084 be written as a product of two different factors?

27
26
13
14
None of these.
OA is C 13
uff.. then I am right. kewl..
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by fskilnik@GMATH » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:31 am
kvcpk wrote:The problem is asking for product of two DIFFERENT factors. Hence I did not use 3*3

Am I missing something?
Hi, kvcpk, it´s not a matter of what you thought, it´s a matter of what you wrote... ;)

(There was no explicit mention on the different factors restriction imposed by the question stem...)

Anyway, you should have considered the negative integers, as I mentioned!

Regards,
Fabio.
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by fskilnik@GMATH » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:35 am
kvcpk wrote:uff.. then I am right. kewl..
No, you are not. Please do not take the official guide answer as final, please read the posts carefully and try to find some flaw in what we have written. There is no flaw, they simply forgot to count negative factors.

P.S.: prime numbers are defined (at least in GMAT) as positive integers (so -2 is not considered prime), but factors are not defined as positive integers, therefore -2 is a factor of 10, for example!!
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by kvcpk » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:50 am
@Fabio - appreciate your stand on your solution. However, I dont think I am wrong still. let me explain.

We have opened up a debating math topic. Whether negative values are considered factors or not.

Here is my take:

When a question asks, what are the number of factors of 9, we immediately mark the answer as 3.
I dont remember even a single problem that I got wrong using this logic.

So I think when considering factors, we do not use negative values. Atleast, in GMAT problems.

I also browsed for this to see the exact definitions. Found an interesting analysis at Dr.Math.
https://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/63516.html

Read through this.

To put it short, Technically -3 might be a factor of 3 but I dont think it is on GMAT.

Leave it for the experts to comment on.
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by goyalsau » Tue Oct 26, 2010 4:50 am
fskilnik wrote:Alternative Approach (MUCH quicker):

From the fact that (factorizing into primes) 6,084 is a perfect square that has 27 positive factors and exactly one of them is its (arithmetic) root, it means that 6,084 has 26/2 positive factors below its square root (I mean arithmetic square root). Each one of them turns out to be a "representative" of a product of different positive integers, therefore the answer is simply twice of it, therefore 2. (26/2) = 26 and we are sure we got the negative integers AND we did not count (a,a) cases!!

Regards,
Fabio.
We consider the negative factors then the answer has to be 26, but i doubt that..

Because if we consider formula that we use for years for factorizing will prove wrong. then.

Lets take the example of 12,
it has 6 factors according to the famous formula 2^2 * 3 ^ 1 ( 2 + 1 = 3 , 1 + 1 = 2 )

3 * 2 = 6

How we right those factors as.

1 * 12
2 * 6
4 * 3
3 * 4
6 * 2
12 * 1

Now we consider the negative factors then we will have 12 factors,
And i can't recall when i used that last. But still i am pretty agree with you as ( -1 * - 12 )
will also be a factor but i don't think we have to consider that...........

I think that is the reason why answer is 13 NOT 26
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by GMATGuruNY » Tue Oct 26, 2010 5:03 am
The GMAT writers typically use the phrase distinct positive factors in order to remove any doubt.
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