Parallelism vs the ambigious 'it'

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Parallelism vs the ambigious 'it'

by [email protected] » Sun Dec 02, 2012 6:19 am
Dental caries and gingivitis can be exacerbated not only by the foods patients eat but also by when the patients eat them.

[A] not only by the foods patients eat but also by when the patients eat them.

by not only the foods patients eat but also by when the patients eat them.

[C] not only by the foods patients eat but also by time when the foods are eaten.

[D] by not only the foods that are eaten by patients but also by the times the foods are eaten.

[E] not only by what patients eat but also by when they eat it


The given OA is E.

I came down to the options A and E, and chose A.

Now coming to E,

Dont you feel that the pronoun 'it' given in the sentence, is ambigious as it does not pertain to any of the antecedents.

The option A is somewhere not parallel as clauses should be parallel to clauses. Here 'by the foods' is parallel to 'by when', which is somewhat not parallel.

But in option E, 'by what' is parallel to 'by when' which is parallel but what abt the 'it' in the sentence. What does it relate to.

I feel option A should be the OA. As how will you come to know what parameter is the GMAT testing. The options need to be airtight to leave no ambiguity.

kindly comment on the above...
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by CoachT » Sun Dec 02, 2012 3:16 pm
The options do NOT need to be airtight and with no ambiguity!

In short, grammar FIRST! Parallelism *must* be satisfied. If we can have absolute clarity about a pronoun's antecedent, that's a plus. However, as long as a pronoun has a legal and sensible antecedent, we're ok. I like to score pronoun ambiguity as "small x" -- I'd prefer to see another answer without the ambiguity, but I won't disqualify the answer choice.

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by michaels » Mon Dec 03, 2012 2:00 pm
I want to talk about how best to approach this entire question, not just about pronoun ambiguity, but bear with me, and I'll get to ambiguity soon.

At Manhattan GMAT, we emphasize working from splits, that is from differences among the answers choices. However, sometimes a well-prepared test-taker will recognize a signal in the original sentence, and will know from that signal what at least one of the grammar problems will be. The most common such signal is a parallel marker. When you see such a marker, make sure that it coordinates elements both structurally similar (same part of speech) and logically comparable (same job in the sentence).

In this case, the parallel marker not only...but also requires that the two relevant elements be the same part of speech.

(A) might seem OK at first, since the two relevant elements are both prepositional phrases, by the foods... and by when.... But in the second element, the object of the preposition by is not a noun phrase but a relative clause. (I'll say more about this later. It's a bit misleading in this very brief form.)


(B)is not parallel because not only is followed by the foods, a noun phrase, while but also is followed by by when, a prepositional phrase.

(C) is parallel.

(D) has the same problem as B

(E) is parallel.

Long story short: CoachT is right. You shouldn't have even considered A after you considered parallelism.

Now, to your question about pronoun ambiguity. A pronoun is not ambiguous simply because its sentence includes more than one grammatically acceptable antecedent. If only one of the grammatically acceptable antecedents makes sense, the pronoun is fine. In (E) there's no grammatically acceptable OR sensible antecedent except what patients eat.

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