Critical Reasoning

vivek1110 wrote:18. Many physicists claim that quantum mechanics may
ultimately be able to explain all fundamental phenomena,
and that, therefore, physical theory will soon be complete.
However, every theory in the history of physics that was
thought to be final eventually had to be rejected for failure to
explain some new observation. For this reason, we can
expect that quantum mechanics will not be the final theory.

Which one of the following arguments is most similar in
its reasoning to the argument above?

(A) Only a few species of plants now grow in very dry climates;
therefore, few species of animals can live in those climates.

(B) Four companies have marketed a new food processing
product; therefore, a fifth company will not be able to market a
similar product.

(C) Your sister is a very good chess player but she has
never won a chess tournament; therefore, she will not
win this chess tournament.

(D) A rare virus infected a group of people a decade ago;
therefore, it will not reinfect the same population
now.

(E) Each team member has failed to live up to people's
expectations; therefore, the team will not live up to
people's expectations.

C or E

as i read C first , will guess C

IMO C

Argument is

X is good but since has never won therefore x will never win

Only C fits the description.

In the argument given in the question above, there are two claims -:

1) Many physicists claim that quantum mechanics may
ultimately be able to explain all fundamental phenomena.

2) Every theory in the history of physics that was
thought to be final eventually had to be rejected for failure to
explain some new observation.

Based upon these claims we arrive at the conclusion that "We can
expect that quantum mechanics will not be the final theory."

Similarly, in option we have two claims, which give way to the conclusion that

"She will not
win this chess tournament."

Hence Option C is correct.

Please correct me if my reasoning is wrong.

I'm confusing between E and C. Could anyone please explain to me why not E?

18. Many physicists claim that quantum mechanics may
ultimately be able to explain all fundamental phenomena,
and that, therefore, physical theory will soon be complete.
However, every theory in the history of physics that was
thought to be final eventually had to be rejected for failure to
explain some new observation. For this reason, we can
expect that quantum mechanics will not be the final theory.

Note - The statement doesn't say that physical theory will never be complete. Instead it says that a recent theory is unlikely to complete it.

Now look at the boldface parts in below options,

(C) Your sister is a very good chess player but she has
never won a chess tournament; therefore, she will not
win this chess tournament.

(E) Each team member has failed to live up to people's
expectations; therefore, the team will not live up to
people's expectations.

C wins, since it expects failure in forthcoming event ("this chess tournament"), it doesn't say she would never win.

E instead indirectly states that the team will never live up to people's expectations

I chose answer choice C

IMO C

My answer is C. Because question has an analogy where future results are forecast-ed based on previous results.

Many physicists claim that quantum mechanics may ultimately be able to explain all fundamental phenomena,
and that, therefore, physical theory will soon be complete. However, every theory in the history of physics that was thought to be final eventually had to be rejected for failure to explain some new observation. For this reason, we can expect that quantum mechanics will not be the final theory.

Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?

(A) Only a few species of plants now grow in very dry climates; therefore, few species of animals can live in those climates - not in line
(B) Four companies have marketed a new food processing product; therefore, a fifth company will not be able to market a similar product - not in line
(C) Your sister is a very good chess player but she has never won a chess tournament; therefore, she will not
win this chess tournament - Seems correct
(D) A rare virus infected a group of people a decade ago;therefore, it will not reinfect the same population
now - incorrect
(E) Each team member has failed to live up to people's expectations; therefore, the team will not live up to
people's expectations - near but not correct

Earlier I decided on E.

But C seems the right answer. statement says - she plays good(similar to 1 theory is good) but she never wins (similar to no theory is successful) SO she will not win ( this theory will not be successful)


C is answer.