Australia

This topic has expert replies
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 338
Joined: Fri Apr 17, 2009 1:49 am
Thanked: 9 times
Followed by:3 members

Australia

by kaulnikhil » Wed Dec 23, 2009 10:52 am
In Australia the population that is of driving age has
grown larger over the last five years, but the annual
nurnber of traffic fatalities has declined' This leads to
the conclusion that, overall, the driving-age
population of Australia consists of more skillful
drivers now than five years ago.
Each of the statements below, if true, weakens the
argument EXCEPT:
(A) Three years ago, a mandatory seat-belt law
went into effect throughout Australia'
(B) Five years ago, Australia began a major road
repair project.
(C) Because of increases in the price of fuel,
Australians on average drive less each year
than in the preceding year.
(D) The number of hospital emergency facilities in
Australia has doubled in the last five years'
(E) In response to an increase in traffic fatalities,
Australia instituted a program of mandatory
driver education five years ago.

[spoiler]the author says that annual
nurnber of traffic fatalities has declined over the five years ..but A doesn't give any reason for deaths to be lower in the first two years of the five years..so cant A be selected on basis of this reasoning ..I considered E to be alternate cause ,since they are educated they know road signs better and drive with care .. nothing to do with their inborn skills[/spoiler]
Last edited by kaulnikhil on Wed Dec 23, 2009 11:13 am, edited 1 time in total.
Source: — Critical Reasoning |

GMAT Instructor
Posts: 1302
Joined: Mon Oct 19, 2009 2:13 pm
Location: Toronto
Thanked: 539 times
Followed by:164 members
GMAT Score:800

by Testluv » Wed Dec 23, 2009 10:58 am
This is another explain the phenomenon or cause of the effect argument (these kinds of arguments are very common in stn/wkn questions).

The phenomenon: more drivers but fewer fatalities

The author's explanation: drivers are now more skillful

The assumption: there are no other explanations (this is always the assumption in explain the phenomenon arguments:

How to weaken? By finding a choice that attacks this assumption--- a choice will attack this assumption by opening up the possibility of an alternative explanation.

This is an EXCEPT question, so we need to eliminate four choices.

Choices A, B, and C clearly point to alternative explanations.

Choice D is trickier but it is telling us that instead of drivers being more skillful, the victim of any particular car accident is more likely to be rescued (because there are more emergency facilities). Thus, choice D also points to an alternative explanation.

Choice E doesn't point to an alternative explanation. Instead it supports the author's explanation. If there are more mandatory driver education programs than there used to be, then it bolsters his argument that drivers are now more skilled.

Choose E.
Kaplan Teacher in Toronto

GMAT Instructor
Posts: 1302
Joined: Mon Oct 19, 2009 2:13 pm
Location: Toronto
Thanked: 539 times
Followed by:164 members
GMAT Score:800

by Testluv » Wed Dec 23, 2009 11:17 am
Hi Kaul,

Choice A does not have to explain it for the entire five years. The fact that a mandatory seat-belt law came into effect three years ago is capable of explaining why the number of traffic fatalities has declined over the last five years. The drop in the last three years would likely be precipitous and so the rate of fatalities over the last five years period is likely to be lower than the five year period preceding.

The argument never says "inborn skills". It says "more skillful drivers". If drivers are now going through a mandatory education program, they are likely to be "more skillful" than if they didn't go through such a mandatory education program. So, choice E actually strengthens the argument.
Kaplan Teacher in Toronto

User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 407
Joined: Sun Nov 29, 2009 1:20 am
Location: India
Thanked: 20 times
Followed by:1 members

by hrishi19884 » Wed Dec 23, 2009 1:44 pm
Choice D -> states that the emergency facilities in hospitals have increased but that does not mean that the number of fatalities(accidents) have decreased over the last five years.

In fact, I feel option C would be more effective - due to fuel price increase there are less number of vehicles on road.

which means that the rate of accidents there would decrease.

Can C be the option?
Hrishi

"As you sow, so shall you reap"

GMAT Instructor
Posts: 1302
Joined: Mon Oct 19, 2009 2:13 pm
Location: Toronto
Thanked: 539 times
Followed by:164 members
GMAT Score:800

by Testluv » Wed Dec 23, 2009 1:50 pm
No, choice C is definitely incorrect. Their driving less opens up the possibility that the decrease in traffic fatalities has to do with their driving less (rather than drivers now being more skillful). Thus, choice C definitely weakens the argument.
As I said in my first post, this is an explain the phenomenon argument in which the assumption is that there are no other explanations, and for which weakeners will almost always suggest alternative explanations.

All of choices A through D suggest alternative explanations. Choice E might seem to but it in fact supports the author's original explanation for reasons I discussed in my previous post. So, choice E is definitely the correct answer to the weaken EXCEPT question.

This ("explain the phenomenon" or "cause of the effect") is a very common form of argument in stn/wkn (perhaps the most common form). Learn the form, the pattern, and you will be laughing at a lot of CRs!
Kaplan Teacher in Toronto

User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 434
Joined: Mon Jun 11, 2007 9:48 pm
Location: Bangalore
Thanked: 6 times
GMAT Score:600

by viju9162 » Wed Dec 23, 2009 6:49 pm
I implemented cause-affect technique and was stuck b/w D and E.

However, I was able to eliminate wrong answers. Thanks for the wonderful explanation Test luv.

Regards,
Viju
"Native of" is used for a individual while "Native to" is used for a large group

User avatar
Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts
Posts: 407
Joined: Sun Nov 29, 2009 1:20 am
Location: India
Thanked: 20 times
Followed by:1 members

by hrishi19884 » Wed Dec 23, 2009 11:27 pm
yeah, that makes sense! Thanks!
Hrishi

"As you sow, so shall you reap"