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GMATPrep SC - Federal Reserve

by mmslf75 » Tue Jan 12, 2010 12:00 pm
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Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.

A. because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will
B. with the economy's strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target
C. because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would
D. due to the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target
E. due to the fact of the economy's continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will


OA
A

Query



Had C been : (as below) will C be true then ?>

because the economy continues strong, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target would

PREDICT can be followed by WOULD or WILL ???
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by viidyasagar » Tue Jan 12, 2010 8:37 pm

Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.

A. because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will
B. with the economy's strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target
C. because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would
D. due to the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target
E. due to the fact of the economy's continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will


OA
A

Query



Had C been : (as below) will C be true then ?>

because the economy continues strong, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target would

PREDICT can be followed by WOULD or WILL ???

IMHO, prediction has to be followed by "will"

"Would" is written either in the subjunctive voice (for e.g. If i were you, i would underline the phrase in the above sentence for easy reading) or to communicate an uncertainty.

Prediction statements cannot be uncertain hence "will" is an absolute must....

I am infact curious about "E"...although "A" appears best now, i am wondering whether "E" had a good chance had it been rephrased as "due to the economy’s continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will"

How crucial is "have been predicting"?

Tx :-)
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by mmslf75 » Tue Jan 12, 2010 8:47 pm
viidyasagar wrote:

Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.

A. because of the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will
B. with the economy's strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target
C. because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would
D. due to the economy's continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target
E. due to the fact of the economy's continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will


OA
A

Query



Had C been : (as below) will C be true then ?>

because the economy continues strong, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target would

PREDICT can be followed by WOULD or WILL ???

IMHO, prediction has to be followed by "will"

"Would" is written either in the subjunctive voice (for e.g. If i were you, i would underline the phrase in the above sentence for easy reading) or to communicate an uncertainty.

Prediction statements cannot be uncertain hence "will" is an absolute must....

I am infact curious about "E"...although "A" appears best now, i am wondering whether "E" had a good chance had it been rephrased as "due to the economy’s continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will"

How crucial is "have been predicting"?

Tx :-)
Vidya,

The WOULD will never find usage in SUBJUNCTIVES ??

q122 says the same thing
PREDICTS should be followed by WILL not would huh ?!
But arent we predicting something ( so there lies a degree of uncertatinity -- therfore WOULD should be used , wat say ?? )

I know of two aspects

Use WOULD to show CONDITION (q41 - OG 12)
The economists would have to know a great deal than they do know now

Second, if in past something is stated abt the present

Use WOULD to show EXPECTATIONS look to FUTURE (stated in PAST)
Retail sales rose 0.8 to 1 percent in august, intensifying expectations that personal
spending would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate


I AM MISSING something in USAGES of WOULD

Any1 Any help pls
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by viidyasagar » Tue Jan 12, 2010 9:09 pm

The WOULD will never find usage in SUBJUNCTIVES ??
Are you saying that would will never find usage in subjunctive? if yes, then please look at the following link

https://www.beatthegmat.com/will-vs-would-t11972.html

But arent we predicting something ( so there lies a degree of uncertatinity -- therfore WOULD should be used , wat say ?? )
Outcome is uncertain, not prediction... there is a subtle difference
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by mmslf75 » Tue Jan 12, 2010 9:17 pm
viidyasagar wrote:

The WOULD will never find usage in SUBJUNCTIVES ??
Are you saying that would will never find usage in subjunctive? if yes, then please look at the following link

https://www.beatthegmat.com/will-vs-would-t11972.html

But arent we predicting something ( so there lies a degree of uncertatinity -- therfore WOULD should be used , wat say ?? )
Outcome is uncertain, not prediction... there is a subtle difference
besides, in D
when we replace DUE to with CAUSED by --sentence sound good
secondly, author uses subjunctive here.. "... be raised "--- i guess it's not requird here right .?
thanks man!! for the link...
i guess i am understanding now...

so to sum it up ;

Contrary to reality "iF i were...I would... " --> is like stating something in past about future ??
secondly, for conditional things we use would like sentcen 41 in OG

pls confirm !
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by viidyasagar » Tue Jan 12, 2010 9:50 pm

besides, in D
when we replace DUE to with CAUSED by --sentence sound good
that's how I go about sentences that contain "due to"
thanks man!! for the link... i guess i am understanding now...
No sweat :-)


so to sum it up ;
Contrary to reality "iF i were...I would... " --> is like stating something in past about future ??
secondly, for conditional things we use would like sentcen 41 in OG

pls confirm !
The subjunctive part of UR understanding is as good as mine as corroborated by the link above...

However, i feel that Q 41 in OG is not the best example to understand the usage of "would have"

To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.

A. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
B. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
C. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
D. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
E. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economical
Q 41, tests the usage of economical vs. economic....leaving u with only A & D as acceptable options. Since A uses a faulty comparison "than now" instead of "than they do now", A is ruled out, leaving us with D....

There is a mixed view about the usage of "would have" vs. "have", although i feel "would have" wins marginally., however, kindly look for other examples to understand the usage of "would have"......

Conditional statements must have a "will" is the widely accepted rule.......

Sorry, if i have confused you further.
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by Stacey Koprince » Tue Jan 19, 2010 2:57 pm
Received a PM asking me to comment on the "would" vs "will" issue.

If someone is making a prediction, that person believes the thing will come true. Let's say I'm a meteorologist and I think it will rain tomorrow. I wouldn't say "I predict that it would rain tomorrow." I would say "I predict that it will rain tomorrow." or "All week, I have been predicting that it will rain tomorrow."

Now, in that example, "predict" is in present tense (or a form of present tense). What if I'm talking about a prediction that took place in the past? That can get trickier.

"Last week, I predicted that it would rain on Monday." Why am I suddenly using "would" here instead of "will"? Because now I'm using a "future in the past" tense. If today is Tuesday, and last Friday I said "I think it's going to rain on Monday," then we're now past the event that I predicted (because it's Tuesday, the day after Monday). In this circumstance, use "would." (Note that we don't know whether it actually did rain on Monday - that doesn't matter.)

Let's say that last Friday, I said "I think it's going to rain on Monday" but today is only Sunday (so we haven't hit Monday yet). Then, you could say the sentence either way:
"Last Friday, Stacey predicted that it will rain on Monday" (used if you think that it will definitely or probably rain on Monday)
"Last Friday, Stacey predicted that it would rain on Monday" (used if you think that it won't or probably won't rain, or if you're just not sure)

The GMAT isn't likely to test us on something like those last two examples, because the sentence would somehow have to convey how confident we should feel about the prediction - and that would be tough to do.
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by navdeepbajwa » Wed Jan 20, 2010 4:26 pm
hi Stacey

Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-Sept quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.

A. that personal spending in the July-Sept quarter more than doubled that of
B. that personal spending in the July-Sept quarter would more than double
C. of personal spending in the July-Sept quarter, that it more than doubled
D. of personal spending in the July-Sept quarter more than doubling that of
E. of personal spending in the July-Sept quarter, that it would more than double that of

OA is B
why would in this construction is right and why not will as prediction is about future
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by gmatmachoman » Wed Jan 20, 2010 9:30 pm
navdeepbajwa wrote:hi Stacey

Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-Sept quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.

A. that personal spending in the July-Sept quarter more than doubled that of
B. that personal spending in the July-Sept quarter would more than double
C. of personal spending in the July-Sept quarter, that it more than doubled
D. of personal spending in the July-Sept quarter more than doubling that of
E. of personal spending in the July-Sept quarter, that it would more than double that of

OA is B
why would in this construction is right and why not will as prediction is about future
I understand Expectation agree with " would" and predictions go with " will".

When there may be some degree of "uncertainity" we use " would.

"Predicting" has less dosage of uncertainty than "expecting"
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by navdeepbajwa » Thu Jan 21, 2010 3:22 am
but prediction and expectation are synonyms as per "thefreedictionary.com"
Stacey can you please help
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by gmatmachoman » Thu Jan 21, 2010 3:36 am
navdeepbajwa wrote:but prediction and expectation are synonyms as per "thefreedictionary.com"
Stacey can you please help

I cross checked freedictionary.com.. I am not able to see that...

a small example:

Testluv based on his interactions with navdeepbajwa expected that navdeepbajwa would crack GMAT.( its just a hope...not very sure....of the end result)

Testluv based on his interactions with navdeepbajwa predicted that navdeepbajwa will crack GMAT.( comes with authenticity & certainity)
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by navdeepbajwa » Thu Jan 21, 2010 7:42 am
expected should follow would and predicted will

Also check again thefreedictionary.com say they are synonyms
and expectation are about future so why not will as per stacey's expalnation
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by Stacey Koprince » Mon Jan 25, 2010 11:49 am
I will answer briefly, but please remember that you MUST cite the source of any problems you post. If you want me to discuss this problem further, please cite the source first.
OA is B
why would in this construction is right and why not will as prediction is about future
You're not actually asking the right question in this case.

We have to say "intensifying expectations that <something will happen>." We cannot say "intensifying expectations of personal spending..." So that eliminates C, D, and E.

Between A and B, our two options are either "more than doubled" or "would more than double." "Will" is not even an option.

The real test will NOT make you decide whether some word should be interpreted to mean more sure or less sure. Reasonable people can disagree about such an interpretation and this test will not ask you to make a choice between two things that could both be correct. :)
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by lunarpower » Tue Jan 26, 2010 5:06 am
I understand Expectation agree with " would" and predictions go with " will"
nope, this is wrong. either of those words can go with either "would" or "will", depending on the time context.

basically, "would" is the past tense of "will".
if you're talking about predicting or expecting an event that still lies in the future, then you use "will".
if you're talking about a PAST prediction or expectation of an event whose timeframe has already passed, then you use "would".

for instance:
recently, the economist has predicted that the recession will end by 2011.
last year, the economist predicted that the recession will end by 2011.
future tense, since 2011 has not happened yet.

at the start of the 1969 super bowl, joe namath guaranteed that his team would win the game.
the 1969 super bowl is over, so we use "would" (not "will").

similarly, you can use both "will" and "would" with "expect(ation)". context is king.
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