Inference

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Inference

by bhartiindia » Mon Jan 11, 2010 10:58 am
I m nt good in verbal. esp. when it comes to Critical Reasoning's Inference type questions. I hardly get any question correct. I think I m nt getting it at all. So plz explain me what we hv to do in Inference type questions. What should be my approach? For example in these two questions

Q1. Increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the human bloodstream lower
bloodstream-cholesterol levels by increasing the body's capacity to rid itself of excess cholesterol. Levels of HDL
in the bloodstream of some individuals are significantly increased by a program of regular exercise and weight
reduction.
Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?
A. Individuals who are underweight do not run any risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the
bloodstream.
B. Individuals who do not exercise regularly have a high risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the
bloodstream late in life.
C. Exercise and weight reduction are the most effective methods of lowering bloodstream cholesterol levels in
humans.
D. A program of regular exercise and weight reduction lowers cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of some
individuals.
E. Only regular exercise is necessary to decrease cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of individuals of
average weight.

D

Large national budget deficits do not cause large trade deficits. If they did, countries with the largest budget
deficits would also have the largest trade deficits. In fact, when deficit figures are adjusted so that different
countries are reliably comparable to each other, there is no such correlation.
If the statements above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred on the basis of them?
(A) Countries with large national budget deficits tend to restrict foreign trade.
(B) Reliable comparisons of the deficit figures of one country with those of another are impossible.
(C) Reducing a country's national budget deficit will not necessarily result in a lowering of any trade deficit that
country may have.
(D) When countries are ordered from largest to smallest in terms of population, the smallest countries
generally have the smallest budget and trade deficits.
(E) Countries with the largest trade deficits never have similarly large national budget deficits.

C
Source: — Critical Reasoning |

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by mike9950 » Mon Jan 11, 2010 12:27 pm
Question 1 is a Must be True question. You need to focus on a couple things...

Inc. HDL --> lower cholesterol.

Exercise and weight reduction --> more HDL in SOME people

Therefore, Exercise and weight reduction --> lower cholesterol in SOME people.

This is exactly what D says. You need to spot the chain of reasoning. I just started reading the critical reasoning bible, and these types of Must be True questions are discussed in chapter 4.

For 2:
You might be intimidated by the use of economic language (trade/budget deficits), but the argument doesn't require you to know anything about economics.

Think of it like this:

Increase in A ---X---> Increase in B
I.e. there is no correlation between A and B.

A) Nothing is mentioned about restricting foreign trade.
B) This goes against what is said in the passage, namely "when deficit figures are adjusted..." reliable comparison is achieved.
C) Basically this says that a Decrease in A ---X---> Decrease in B. I.e., so it is another way of saying that there is no correlation between size of A and size of B. This is the correct answer.
D) Population is not mentioned in the stimulus. Cross this out right away.
E) The word NEVER should be a red flag. There is nothing stating that it is IMPOSSIBLE for both to be the same size, just that there is no Cause and Effect relationship between an increase and A and an increase in B.

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by Testluv » Mon Jan 11, 2010 1:40 pm
mike9950's explanation is good.

But note that the right answer to any inference question is something that must be true based on one or more statements in the passage. So, question 2, which asks for something that can be "properly inferred" is also a MUST BE TRUE question (a proper inference is something that must be true based on a set of facts).

In inference questions, treat the passage as your universe: everything in the passage must be true. (Everything outside of the passage may be true or false). Always think of the connections between the sentences, and what point the author is driving at.

As mike says, in inference questions we should be suspicious of choices that use extreme language such as the "never" in choice E to question 2. A corollary of this is that we should be partial to choices whose word usage is more tentative; notice that the correct answer to question 2 says "not necessarily".

The reason we should be suspicious of extreme choices in inference questions is that it is hard for a set of facts to prove that an extreme statement must be true. In order for an extreme choice to be correct, that part of the passage that might be in support of it has to be equally extreme.

The correct answer need not refer to the entire passage; it doesn't necessarily have to integreate all the ideas in the passage--it's just something that one or more statements proves must be true. Sometimes (not very often on the GMAT, but sometimes) only one sentence in the passage proves that the correct answer must be true.

Because the correct answer has to be proven true by the text, the correct answer will always be very close to the scope of the passage. For this reason, you should also avoid choices that stray outside the scope of the passage.
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by mmslf75 » Mon Jan 11, 2010 9:17 pm
Testluv wrote:mike9950's explanation is good.

But note that the right answer to any inference question is something that must be true based on one or more statements in the passage. So, question 2, which asks for something that can be "properly inferred" is also a MUST BE TRUE question (a proper inference is something that must be true based on a set of facts).

In inference questions, treat the passage as your universe: everything in the passage must be true. (Everything outside of the passage may be true or false). Always think of the connections between the sentences, and what point the author is driving at.

As mike says, in inference questions we should be suspicious of choices that use extreme language such as the "never" in choice E to question 2. A corollary of this is that we should be partial to choices whose word usage is more tentative; notice that the correct answer to question 2 says "not necessarily".

The reason we should be suspicious of extreme choices in inference questions is that it is hard for a set of facts to prove that an extreme statement must be true. In order for an extreme choice to be correct, that part of the passage that might be in support of it has to be equally extreme.

The correct answer need not refer to the entire passage; it doesn't necessarily have to integreate all the ideas in the passage--it's just something that one or more statements proves must be true. Sometimes (not very often on the GMAT, but sometimes) only one sentence in the passage proves that the correct answer must be true.

Because the correct answer has to be proven true by the text, the correct answer will always be very close to the scope of the passage. For this reason, you should also avoid choices that stray outside the scope of the passage.
AWESOME!!! TestLUV !

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by gmatmachoman » Mon Jan 11, 2010 9:30 pm
Standing applause to Testluv!!!

What say Ashish??

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by mmslf75 » Mon Jan 11, 2010 9:46 pm
gmatmachoman wrote:Standing applause to Testluv!!!

What say Ashish??

VERY VERY TRUE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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by sreak1089 » Tue Jan 12, 2010 12:09 am
Just love your explanations Testluv !!

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by Shawshank » Tue Jan 12, 2010 12:31 am
USe Powerscore CR Bible to improve CR.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Shawshank Redemtion -- Hope is still alive ...

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by bhartiindia » Tue Jan 12, 2010 12:39 am
Thnx for ur explanations. Now i'll again try to solve couple of questions based on inference. Thnx

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by Testluv » Wed Jan 13, 2010 1:43 am
Thanks a lot guys! :oops: :D
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