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Ozone

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by GMATGuruNY » Sat Jun 11, 2016 2:43 am
ngk4mba3236 wrote:gmatguru,
I think the correct idiom is appear to be. right ?

but here, appear takes direct object immune -- a clear deviation from the above idiomatic structure.

so, could you please explain this apparent discrepancy on gmat ?
Mary is strong.
Mary seems sad.
Mary remains excited.
Mary looks tired.
Mary appears happy.

The verbs in the sentences above -- is, seems, remands, looks, appears -- are all LINKING VERBS.
The purpose of a linking verb is to express a STATE-OF-BEING.
In each sentence, the word in blue is an ADJECTIVE describing Mary's state-of-being.

OA: Ozone had long appeared immune.
Here, had long appeared is a linking verb, with immune serving as an ADJECTIVE describing ozone.
This construction is correct.
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by ngk4mba3236 » Sat Jun 11, 2016 7:12 am
ok.so in GMAT, both the usages of APPEAR seem correct. right ?

but how we can determine when to use which usage -- I mean, when appear to be will be correct and when appear will act as a linking verb to express a state-of-being ?

p.s: just curious to know that in the SC at hand, if it were "appear to be immune", then would it be wrong ? if yes, can you please explain why so ?
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by thang » Sun Jun 12, 2016 12:19 am
past perfect is used to show an action happening before an action in the past, this action in the past is presented by simple past and present perfect.

so
had done finish before did and have done.

this is explained in good grammar books.
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by GMATGuruNY » Sun Jun 12, 2016 2:52 am
ngk4mba3236 wrote:ok.so in GMAT, both the usages of APPEAR seem correct. right ?

but how we can determine when to use which usage -- I mean, when appear to be will be correct and when appear will act as a linking verb to express a state-of-being ?

p.s: just curious to know that in the SC at hand, if it were "appear to be immune", then would it be wrong ? if yes, can you please explain why so ?
Both appears and appears to be are linking verbs, since each serves to express its subject's state-of-being.

Generally, the to be may omitted if the state-of-being is a simple, non-verbal adjective:
Mary appears HAPPY.
John appeared SAD.
Ozone had appeared IMMUNE.

Otherwise, the to be will be included:
Mary appears to be our new president.
John appeared to be winning.
This year's product had appeared to be more popular than last year's.
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by richachampion » Thu Sep 15, 2016 9:17 am
GMATGuruNY wrote: In A, B and C, has appeared does not convey the proper sequence of events. Here is the breakdown:
1) The present perfect have realized indicates that sometime in the past we started to realize that emissions deplete the ozone layer.
2) Once we started to realize (in the past) that emissions deplete the ozone layer, the ozone no longer appeared immune.
3) To convey an action completed in the past, we use the past perfect: the ozone had appeared immune, but then it no longer appeared immune.
4) Thus, the following is correct:
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