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Mode

Expert replies
Source: — Problem Solving |

by Brent@GMATPrepNow » Tue May 29, 2018 5:47 am
SumairaRounaq wrote:The mode of a set of 4 positive integers is 7. What is the least possible value of the sum of these 4 integers?

A) 14
B) 16
C) 17
D) 18
This comes down to the distinction between "the mode" and "a mode"

The mode of a set of 4 positive integers is 7.
This suggests that there is only 1 mode.

ASIDE: In the set {1, 2, 4, 4}, there's one mode: 4
In the set {3, 3, 4, 4}, there are two modes: 3 and 4
In the set {1, 2, 3, 4}, there are four modes: 1, 2, 3 and 4


If the mode of 4 POSITIVE INTEGERS is 7, then there must be at least two 7's
So, our set now looks like this: {?, ?, 7, 7}

In order to MINIMIZE the sum, we must make the two remaining numbers as small as possible.
Since each number must be a POSITIVE INTEGER, one of the numbers must be 1, to get: {1, ?, 7, 7}

What about the last number?
IF that number were 1, then the set WOULD be: {1, 1, 7, 7}, in which case there would be TWO modes: 1 and 7. So, this set would break the condition that says "THE mode is 7"
So, we can't have two 1's

So, if the last number can't be 1, the next smallest number is 2 to get: {1, 2, 7, 7}
So, the smallest sum = 1 + 2 + 7 + 7 = 17

Answer: C

Cheers,
Brent
Brent Hanneson - Creator of GMATPrepNow.com
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by Jeff@TargetTestPrep » Wed May 30, 2018 4:18 pm
SumairaRounaq wrote:The mode of a set of 4 positive integers is 7. What is the least possible value of the sum of these 4 integers?

A) 14
B) 16
C) 17
D) 18
The mode is the most frequent data value; thus, the value 7 must appear at least twice. Since we want to obtain the minimum sum of the 4 data values, we will assume that the value 7 appeared twice, and so the other 2 values will be as small as possible. This means that the smallest value is 1, and the remaining value must be 2. The smallest sum would therefore be 7 + 7 + 2 + 1 = 17. (Note that the value "1" could not appear twice because then the data set would have two modes: 7 and 1.)

Answer: C

Jeffrey Miller
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