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The next number in a certain sequence is defined by multiply

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by BTGmoderatorAT » Fri Dec 08, 2017 5:52 pm
The next number in a certain sequence is defined by multiplying the previous term by some positive constant k, where k ≠ 1. How many of the first nine terms in this sequence are greater than 1?

(1) The ninth term in this sequence is 81.
(2) The fifth term in this sequence is 1

What's the best way to determine whether statement 1 is sufficient? Can any experts help?
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Source: — Data Sufficiency |

by GMATGuruNY » Sat Dec 09, 2017 3:53 am
ardz24 wrote:The next number in a certain sequence is defined by multiplying the previous term by some positive constant k, where k ≠ 1. How many of the first nine terms in this sequence are greater than 1?

(1) The ninth term in this sequence is 81.
(2) The fifth term in this sequence is 1
Statement 1: a₉ = 81
Case 1: k=81
a₈ = a₉/k = 81/81 = 1.
a₇ = a₈/k = 1/81.
a₆, a₅, a₄, a₃, a₂, and a� will all be less than 1/81 and thus less than 1.
Here, the first 7 terms are all less than 1, for a total of 7 terms less than 1.

Case 2: k=9
a₈ = a₉/k = 81/9 = 9.
a₇ = a₈/k = 9/9 = 1.
a₆ = a₇/k = 1/9.
a₅, a₄, a₃, a₂, and a� will be less than 1/9 and thus less than 1.
Here, the first 6 terms are all less than 1, for a total of 6 terms less than 1.

Since the number of terms less than 1 can be different values, INSUFFICIENT.

Statement 2: aâ‚… = 1
Case 3: k=2
a₆ = ka₅ = 2*1 = 2
aâ‚„ = aâ‚…/k = 1/2.
a₇, a₈ and a₉ will all be greater than 2 and thus greater than 1.
a₃, a₂, and a� will all be less than 1/2 and thus less than 1.
Here, the first 4 terms are all less than 1, for a total of 4 terms less than 1.

Case 4: k=1/2
a₆ = ka₅ = (1/2)(1) = 1/2.
aâ‚„ = aâ‚…/k = 1/(1/2) = 2.
a₇, a₈ and a₉ will all be less than 1/2 and thus less than 1.
a₃, a₂, and a� will all be greater than 2 and thus greater than 1.
Here, the last 4 terms are all less than 1, for a total of 4 terms less than 1.

Cases 3 and 4 illustrate that -- whether k is a positive integer or a positive fraction -- there will be a total of 4 terms less than 1.
SUFFICIENT.

The correct answer is B.
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by [email protected] » Sat Dec 09, 2017 2:32 pm
Hi ardz24,

This DS question tells us that each term in a sequence is equal to the PREVIOUS term multiplied by a POSITIVE CONSTANT.

For example, the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 would fit this definition (another example would be 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 1/2, etc.). We don't know any of the terms though and we don't know the constant (it could be either an integer, fraction or mixed number). We DO know that since we're multiplying by a positive constant that the sequence of numbers either "increases" or "decreases."

We're asked how many of the first 9 terms are greater than 1? It's interesting that the question asks how many are greater than 1.

Fact 1: the 9th term = 81

IF k = 3, then the terms (working backwards from the 9th term....) are:
81, 27, 9, 3, 1, 1/3, 1/9, 1/27, 1/81
Here, the number of terms greater than 1 = 4

IF k = 1/3, then the terms (working backwards from the 9th terms....) are:
81, 243, 729, then they get bigger and bigger.....
Here, the number of terms greater than 1 = 9
Fact 1 is INSUFFICIENT

Fact 2: the 5th term = 1

Since the sequence either increases or decreases, we'd have...
4 numbers less than 1, 1, 4 numbers greater than 1
or
4 numbers greater than 1, 1, 4 numbers less than 1

Regardless of which option, we end up with exactly 4 terms.
Fact 2 is SUFFICIENT

Final Answer: B

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