doubt regarding 'has been'

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garima99: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 217; Joined: Tue May 31, 2011 9:42 pmFollowed by: 2 members; Thanked: 8 times

by garima99 » Tue Jun 21, 2011 7:35 pm

101. Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from "a fair cross section of the community."
(A) has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be
(B) was necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being
(C) was to be necessary in developing and enforcing the principle of all juries to be
(D) is necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be
(E) will be necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being

Source: Beat The GMAT — Sentence Correction | Tue Jun 21, 2011 7:35 pm

abhishek.pati: Senior | Next Rank: 100 Posts; Posts: 83; Joined: Mon Apr 25, 2011 11:27 am; Thanked: 1 times

by abhishek.pati » Tue Jun 21, 2011 10:08 pm

IMO B

amit2k9: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 461; Joined: Tue May 10, 2011 9:09 amFollowed by: 3 members; Location: pune; Thanked: 36 times

by amit2k9 » Wed Jun 22, 2011 2:04 am

garima99 wrote:101. Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from "a fair cross section of the community."
(A) has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be -- redundant usage of enforce and must be. POE.
(B) was necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being -- simple past 'was', verb + ing usage parallel and n redundancy. Hold.
(C) was to be necessary in developing and enforcing the principle of all juries to be -- wrong usage of infinitive form of verbs here. POE.
(D) is necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be -- enforce ..must be POE.
(E) will be necessary for developing and enforcing the principle of all juries being -- wrong usage of future tense 'will be' POE.

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ov25: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 201; Joined: Sat Jul 10, 2010 2:23 pmFollowed by: 1 member; Thanked: 7 times

by ov25 » Wed Jun 22, 2011 10:34 am

imo A.

'principle of all...' is ambiguous. 'principle that all..' is much clearer. 'has been' and 'was' both could be OK. The only distinction is whether the principle is enforced now in its complete sense. However this is not the gist of the statement here. 'is' however is not justified at all for obvious reasons. 'will be necessary..' is wrong as the statement is talking about facts not predictions. 'to be necessary' infinitive is not idiomatic, again when talking about facts.

garima99: Master | Next Rank: 500 Posts; Posts: 217; Joined: Tue May 31, 2011 9:42 pmFollowed by: 2 members; Thanked: 8 times

by garima99 » Mon Jun 27, 2011 1:28 am

OA is A

Brian@VeritasPrep: GMAT Instructor; Posts: 1031; Joined: Thu Jul 03, 2008 1:23 pmFollowed by: 255 members; Location: Malibu, CA; Thanked: 716 times; GMAT Score:750

by Brian@VeritasPrep » Mon Jun 27, 2011 10:20 am

Nice explanation, ov25 - and a great question here.

Just a few things to add since I've seen a fair amount of confusion on here about verb tenses...

-Look at the phrase "as long ago as 1880" - "as long ago as" is setting the stage that our furthest-in-the-past starting point is 1880 but that the beginning of the "nearly a century of adjudication" could have started in 1880 or any point after. In thinking about a timeline, which I suggest you do when you're choosing between verb tenses, it's really helpful to look at these kinds of clues.

-The word "although" is a pretty good clue here, too, and sets up the past-perfect nicely. "Although" here sets up that, even though one past-tense event seems like it would have been sufficient, a much longer series of events had to happen over time.

-It's a little subtle but you can use the term "principle" to tip you off that the indicative tense "must be drawn" is necessary here and that the present-tense "juries being" is incorrect. A principle is something that stands over time..."all men are created equal"; "every action has an equal and opposite reaction"; etc. A principle isn't fleeting and temporary.

Brian Galvin
GMAT Instructor
Chief Academic Officer
Veritas Prep

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