tense issue (killing me) needs expert help

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tense issue (killing me) needs expert help

by arghya05 » Mon Aug 15, 2011 2:29 am
Ozone reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.
A) has long appeared that it was immune from
B) has long appeared to have been immune from
C) has long appeared as being immune to
D) had long appeared immune to
E) had long appeared that it was immune to

my cocncept to tense is shattered with this sc

present perfect tense is needed when an action began in past and ended in present time
past perfect is past of past

why past perfect is correct here(where is the simple past tense in this sentence)

please explain present perfect and past perfect with details
Source: — Sentence Correction |

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by crick » Mon Aug 15, 2011 3:41 am
---------------Past-------------------Present---------------------------
<---Ozone layer safe------------->, <-now we know its unsafe->

If you see, throughout the past ozone layer was considered safe.
Now (present - which is just after the nearest past) => Ozone layer is unsafe.
This is the reason why we need past perfect and not present perfect.

In addition, if you look closely, immune from is incorrect in A and B. immune to is the correct usage.

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by aspirant2011 » Mon Aug 15, 2011 10:41 am
yup I agree with crick in his explanation..........

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by amar_kat » Wed Aug 17, 2011 10:15 am
answer is D per me , whts OA ?

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