Hi,
Please help me with these CRs with detailed explanations:
1) From time to time, the press indulges in outbursts of indignation over the use of false or misleading information by the U.S. government in support of its policies and programs. No one endorses needless deception. But consider this historical analogy. It is known that Christopher Columbus, on his first voyage to the New World, deliberately falsified the log to show a shorter sailing distance for each day out than the ships had actually traveled. In this way, Columbus was able to convince his skeptical sailors that they had not sailed past the point at which they expected to find the shores of India. Without this deception, Columbus's sailors might well have mutinied, and the New World might never have been discovered.
The author of the passage above assumes each of the following EXCEPT:
(A) Government deception of the press is often motivated by worthy objectives.
(B) Without government deception, popular support for worthwhile government policies and programs might well fade.
(C) Attacks on the government by the press are often politically motivated.
(D) Deception for deception's sake should not be condoned.
(E) A greater good may sometimes require acceptance of a lesser evil.
2) Dr. A: The new influenza vaccine is useless at best and possibly dangerous. I would never use it on a patient.
Dr. B: But three studies published in the Journal of Medical Associates have rated that vaccine as unusually effective.
Dr. A: The studies must have been faulty because the vaccine is worthless.
In which of the following is the reasoning most similar to that of Dr. A?
(A) Three of my patients have been harmed by that vaccine during the past three weeks, so the vaccine is unsafe.
(B) Jerrold Jersey recommends this milk, and I don't trust Jerrold Jersey, so I won't buy this milk.
(C) Wingzz tennis balls perform best because they are far more effective than any other tennis balls.
(D) I'm buying Vim Vitamins. Doctors recommend them more often than they recommend any other vitamins, so Vim Vitamins must be good.
(E) Since University of Muldoon graduates score about 20 percent higher than average on the GMAT, Sheila Lee, a University of Muldoon graduate, will score about 20 percent higher than average when she takes the GMAT.
3) Don's, a chain of supermarkets, has entered into an agreement in which Rose Computers will sell Don's an unlimited number of its least expensive PC's at one-fourth the regular wholesale price. In return, Don's has agreed to purchase all of its scanners and other electronic information-processing equipment from Rose or from Omicron, Rose Computers' parent company, for the next ten years. Don's will offer a Rose PC free to any school that turns in Don's register receipts totaling $100,000 within the next six months. The vice-president in charge of advertising for Don's expects that the computer giveaway will obviate the need for a massive new advertising campaign for the next six months and that Don's can make up the expenditures for the PC's by writing them off its income taxes as charitable donations.
The plans formulated by Don's assume each of the following EXCEPT:
(A) The prices that Rose or Omicron charges Don's for information-processing equipment over the next ten years will be lower than those charged by other companies.
(B) The tax laws will not be changed to exclude or lessen the value of charitable donations as tax write-offs.
(C) Schools will be sufficiently attracted by Don's computer giveaway offer that teachers will urge students to shop at Don's.
(D) Rose will be able to supply Don's with a sufficient number of PC's to meet the demand generated by schools that collect Don's receipts totaling $100,000.
(E) The effect of the computer giveaway offer on Don's business will be comparable to that of a major advertising campaign.
4) Manufacturers of household appliances are still urging the public to purchase food processors. The various manufacturers' advertisements all point out that the prices of these appliances are now lower than ever and that each food processor comes with a lifetime service warranty. In addition, many manufacturers offer sizable rebates to customers who purchase food processors within a given time period. With these incentives, the advertisements contend, people can hardly afford not to purchase food processors.
Which answer choice is a logically prior issue that the manufacturers' advertisements fail to address?
(A) Whether the cost of repairs to the food processors over the years will cancel out the savings currently being offered
(B) Whether potential customers have enough uses for food processors to justify purchasing them
(C) Whether the heads of the companies manufacturing food processors own food processors themselves
(D) Whether the food processors currently being advertised will be outdated within the next five years
(E) Whether accessories and replacement parts will be readily available at retail outlets
Please help me with these CRs with detailed explanations:
1) From time to time, the press indulges in outbursts of indignation over the use of false or misleading information by the U.S. government in support of its policies and programs. No one endorses needless deception. But consider this historical analogy. It is known that Christopher Columbus, on his first voyage to the New World, deliberately falsified the log to show a shorter sailing distance for each day out than the ships had actually traveled. In this way, Columbus was able to convince his skeptical sailors that they had not sailed past the point at which they expected to find the shores of India. Without this deception, Columbus's sailors might well have mutinied, and the New World might never have been discovered.
The author of the passage above assumes each of the following EXCEPT:
(A) Government deception of the press is often motivated by worthy objectives.
(B) Without government deception, popular support for worthwhile government policies and programs might well fade.
(C) Attacks on the government by the press are often politically motivated.
(D) Deception for deception's sake should not be condoned.
(E) A greater good may sometimes require acceptance of a lesser evil.
2) Dr. A: The new influenza vaccine is useless at best and possibly dangerous. I would never use it on a patient.
Dr. B: But three studies published in the Journal of Medical Associates have rated that vaccine as unusually effective.
Dr. A: The studies must have been faulty because the vaccine is worthless.
In which of the following is the reasoning most similar to that of Dr. A?
(A) Three of my patients have been harmed by that vaccine during the past three weeks, so the vaccine is unsafe.
(B) Jerrold Jersey recommends this milk, and I don't trust Jerrold Jersey, so I won't buy this milk.
(C) Wingzz tennis balls perform best because they are far more effective than any other tennis balls.
(D) I'm buying Vim Vitamins. Doctors recommend them more often than they recommend any other vitamins, so Vim Vitamins must be good.
(E) Since University of Muldoon graduates score about 20 percent higher than average on the GMAT, Sheila Lee, a University of Muldoon graduate, will score about 20 percent higher than average when she takes the GMAT.
3) Don's, a chain of supermarkets, has entered into an agreement in which Rose Computers will sell Don's an unlimited number of its least expensive PC's at one-fourth the regular wholesale price. In return, Don's has agreed to purchase all of its scanners and other electronic information-processing equipment from Rose or from Omicron, Rose Computers' parent company, for the next ten years. Don's will offer a Rose PC free to any school that turns in Don's register receipts totaling $100,000 within the next six months. The vice-president in charge of advertising for Don's expects that the computer giveaway will obviate the need for a massive new advertising campaign for the next six months and that Don's can make up the expenditures for the PC's by writing them off its income taxes as charitable donations.
The plans formulated by Don's assume each of the following EXCEPT:
(A) The prices that Rose or Omicron charges Don's for information-processing equipment over the next ten years will be lower than those charged by other companies.
(B) The tax laws will not be changed to exclude or lessen the value of charitable donations as tax write-offs.
(C) Schools will be sufficiently attracted by Don's computer giveaway offer that teachers will urge students to shop at Don's.
(D) Rose will be able to supply Don's with a sufficient number of PC's to meet the demand generated by schools that collect Don's receipts totaling $100,000.
(E) The effect of the computer giveaway offer on Don's business will be comparable to that of a major advertising campaign.
4) Manufacturers of household appliances are still urging the public to purchase food processors. The various manufacturers' advertisements all point out that the prices of these appliances are now lower than ever and that each food processor comes with a lifetime service warranty. In addition, many manufacturers offer sizable rebates to customers who purchase food processors within a given time period. With these incentives, the advertisements contend, people can hardly afford not to purchase food processors.
Which answer choice is a logically prior issue that the manufacturers' advertisements fail to address?
(A) Whether the cost of repairs to the food processors over the years will cancel out the savings currently being offered
(B) Whether potential customers have enough uses for food processors to justify purchasing them
(C) Whether the heads of the companies manufacturing food processors own food processors themselves
(D) Whether the food processors currently being advertised will be outdated within the next five years
(E) Whether accessories and replacement parts will be readily available at retail outlets
