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A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random

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A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random

by vinni.k » Tue May 01, 2018 7:01 am
source "MGMAT"

A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, is no longer limited to casinos, test subjects and stock market investors


A. A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, is no longer limited to casinos, test subjects and stock market investors

B. No longer limited to casino patrons, test subjects and stock market investors, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, are the powerful effects of random reinforcement as indicated by a recent study

C. As evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, a recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement are no longer limited to casinos, test subjects and stock market investors

D. A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar card game industry, are no longer limited to casino patrons, test subjects and stock market investors

E. A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, is no longer limited to casino patrons, test subjects and stock market investors

OA is D, but what is wrong with C

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by ceilidh.erickson » Tue May 01, 2018 7:39 am
This question is testing SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT, MODIFIERS, PARALLELISM and MEANING.

First, break down the meaning of the sentence:
- there was a recent study. It indicated that the effect of random reinforcement were no longer limited to 3 things: casinos, test subjects, and stock market
- the evidence for this was the collectible card game industry

A. A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, is no longer limited to casinos, test subjects and stock market investors
- subject-verb issue: the effect... is
- non-parallel list. We can't compare the effects of a phenomenon on a place (casino) to its effects on people (subjects & investors)

B. No longer limited to casino patrons, test subjects and stock market investors, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, are the powerful effects of random reinforcement as indicated by a recent study
- there shouldn't be 2 opening modifiers stacked in a row. When the sentence begins with an open modifier such as "no longer limited..." it should immediately be followed by the SUBJECT - the thing no longer limited.

C. As evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, a recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement are no longer limited to casinos, test subjects and stock market investors
- the study was not "evidenced by." The study provided evidence of the effects of random reinforcement. If the opening modifier is "as evidenced by..." the subject would have to be "the powerful effects..."
- same parallelism issue as in A

D. A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar card game industry, are no longer limited to casino patrons, test subjects and stock market investors
Correct! Subject-verb agreement is correct, and the modifiers are all modifying the correct things.

E. A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar collectible card game industry, is no longer limited to casino patrons, test subjects and stock market investors
- same subject-verb issue as in A

The answer is D.
Ceilidh Erickson
EdM in Mind, Brain, and Education
Harvard Graduate School of Education
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by vinni.k » Tue May 01, 2018 10:50 am
Thanks ceilidh,

So in D, as evidenced by.... is modifying the powerful effects

Am i correct ?
ceilidh.erickson wrote: D. A recent study indicates that the powerful effects of random reinforcement, as evidenced by the multi-million dollar card game industry, are no longer limited to casino patrons, test subjects and stock market investors
Correct! Subject-verb agreement is correct, and the modifiers are all modifying the correct things.

.
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