Disagree with OA

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Disagree with OA

by pemdas » Thu Feb 02, 2012 9:40 am
American attitudes tend to be rather insular, but there is much we can learn from other countries. In Japan, for example, workers set aside some time each day to exercise, and many corporations provide elaborate exercise facilities for their employees. Few American corporations have such exercise programs. Studies have shown that the Japanese worker is more productive than the American worker. Thus it must be concluded that the productivity of American workers will lag behind their Japanese counterparts, until mandatory exercise programs are introduced.

The conclusion of the argument is valid if which one of the following is assumed?

(A) Even if exercise programs do not increase productivity, they will improve the American worker's health.
(B) The productivity of all workers can be increased by exercise.
(C) Exercise is an essential factor in the Japanese worker's superior productivity.
(D) American workers can adapt to the longer Japanese work week.
(E) American corporations don't have the funds to build elaborate exercise facilities.

OA C
source: LSAT prep book
I don't understand how the answer isn't B, because if that answer isn't valid (applied with negation test) then conclusion isn't valid too.

experts please help me to solve this question
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by sam2304 » Thu Feb 02, 2012 10:12 am
Both are good but C is better as it is more specific and relevant to the argument whereas B is about all workers and more generalized.
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by pemdas » Thu Feb 02, 2012 10:21 am
sam2304 wrote:Both are good but C is better as it is more specific and relevant to the argument whereas B is about all workers and more generalized.
I understand C is relevant to Japanese and that's my snag as one thing relevant to Japanese would not be relevant to the Americans. This assumption is so lousy, that I disagree with it. Moreover, I mentioned negation test there, try applying one to both answers and B will win.
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by David@VeritasPrep » Thu Feb 02, 2012 1:50 pm
I received a PM on this one.

On this particular question let's start be seeing how choice B is not the correct assumption and furthermore, how this form of answer is very suspect on an assumption question.

Here is the setup:

Conclusion: American workers can only catch the Japanese in productivity if mandatory exercise programs are introduced in American. Please note what this conclusion says and what it does not. This conclusion says that the exercise programs are the ONLY way for American workers to catch up in productivity. The conclusion does not say that Americans WILL catch up, but if they do catch up it will be because they instituted the exercise.

It is as if you could rightly say that the only way I can go skiing tomorrow is if it snows today. That does not mean that I will be skiing tomorrow, it simply means that without the snow I cannot ski. In other words the snow is "essential" to my being able to ski.

Evidence: Japanese workers are more productive and they have mandatory exercise plans while the American workers do not.

Now look at choice B. First of all, choice B does not point to the correct conclusion. Remember, we are trying to say that Exercise is the ONLY way to increase productivity. This answer points to the conclusion that productivity will be improved. Which is not the conclusion. If you look at my analogy, even if it does snow I might not ski tomorrow. I might have to work, or the roads are too bad or I don't want to.

So we can see that choice B does not work for this conclusion. The reality is that the word "all" is very problematic for an assumption question..."all" is rarely required.

If I want to say that you can score a 750 on the GMAT am I assuming that all people can earn this score?? NO. I am only assuming that you can.

For this question, even if the conclusion was "American workers' productivity will increase" does this really require ALL workers to increase their productivity? What about the woman who exercises everyday and will not gain anything from the mandatory exercise? Can't the productivity of American workers as a whole increase while one or more workers does not benefit from the mandatory exercise?

"All" and "none" are very suspect in answer choices to assumption questions.

Now look at choice C. This is exactly what I have been leading up to. You need to know that if it does not snow I cannot ski. The snow must be essential. In this question the mandatory exercise must be essential to the productivity. That is what C does in a very direct manner. The evidence for the idea that mandatory exercise will increase productivity is based on the fact that such programs are in place in Japan where the workers are more productive. Now if that productivity had nothing to do with the mandatory exercise then the argument would fail. So we need the mandatory exercise to be "an essential factor in the Japanese worker's superior productivity."

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by pemdas » Thu Feb 02, 2012 2:26 pm
Thanks David, after seeing this question in my LSAT prep book, I considered all others answered correctly by me as really-really easy; those were mainly assumption questions too.
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by David@VeritasPrep » Thu Feb 02, 2012 3:02 pm
Assumption questions are generally not "really easy" especially not LSAT assumption questions, so I would say that shows good work on your part getting those right!
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by pemdas » Thu Feb 02, 2012 4:16 pm
David,

I have followed your post very carefully and found another short-cut to eliminate answer choice B. The intermediate conclusion says about Americans "there is much we can learn from other countries" and the final conclusion submits "productivity of American workers will lag behind ...". Choice C is mainly about Japan and its productivity level increase with the assumption of exercising factor at the back scenes. If we literally understand the main point of this passage, then it would tell us "learn about Japanese and American workers will lag behind unless/until ..." Exactly as you suggested - Americans not WILL catch up, they only learn how to catch up.

My additional questions posed in this relation: How we should approach intermediate conclusion(s) in the arguments? How intermediate conclusion(s) do(es) impact on a general conclusion?
I know the basic idea is about intermediate conclusion(s) serving as building block(s) for the final conclusion. Is there something specific besides the mentioned?
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by lunarpower » Thu Feb 09, 2012 4:48 pm
i received a private message about this thread.

it seems that david has already handled this question well. however, i wanted to comment on, and hopefully put to rest, the following tangent:
pemdas wrote:Thanks David, after seeing this question in my LSAT prep book, I considered all others answered correctly by me as really-really easy; those were mainly assumption questions too.
this isn't worth worrying about! why are you worrying about it?
do not trying to judge the difficulty level of problems. first, you won't be able to do it -- you will just be guessing; second, even if you did somehow manage to guess the exact difficulty level of a problem, there would still be no point, as there would be no way that knowledge could actually help you.

when you are working a problem, the only two things ever worth thinking about are (a) the problem and (b) the time. "difficulty level" is a distraction; distractions are bad.
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by [email protected] » Fri Feb 10, 2012 3:09 am
Thanks David for a wonderful explanation!!!
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