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kamalakarthi
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A and E: large, integrated companies...conducted...have greatly downsizedThe steel industry has changed radically over the last two decades, as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel once conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping at the other have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether.
A. as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel
B. as large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
C. with large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
D. while large, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that
E. and large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel
Here, a conjunction is needed to connect the two verbs (conducted and have downsized).
Eliminate A and E.
C: with large, integrated companies...have greatly downsized.
Here, the portion in red -- an independent clause, composed of a subject (companies) and a verb (have downsized) -- serves as the object of the preposition with.
An independent clause cannot serve as the object of a preposition.
Eliminate C.
Generally, COMMA + while serves to express a CONTRAST.
D: The steel industry has changed, while large companies have greatly downsized
Here, the clauses in red do not express contrasting ideas.
Eliminate D.
The correct answer is B.
