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The parliament enacted the legislation

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The parliament enacted the legislation

by darlingriyarai » Sun Nov 25, 2012 10:12 am
The parliament enacted the legislation-which changed private contracts by nullifying clauses that stipulated payment in gold-over the heated opposition of many legislators.

A. legislation-which changed private contracts by nullifying clauses that stipulated payment in gold-over
B. legislation nullifying clauses in private contracts, stipulated payment in gold, over
C. legislation changing private contracts, to nullify clauses stipulating payment in gold, over
D. legislation, which nullifies clauses, in private contracts that stipulated payment in gold over
E. legislation-to change private contracts, to nullify clauses, to stipulate payment in gold-over
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by David Mahler » Thu Nov 29, 2012 8:20 am
In this sentence, you want to make it clear that the legislation changed private contracts. In choices (B) and (C), the gerund (nullifying and changing) is not specific enough; it could describe either the legislation or the parliament. Conversely, "which" must refer to the preceding noun, which in this sentence is "legislation." "Which" thus makes it clear that what follows is describing legislation. Eliminate (B) and (C).

In choice (D), the phrase "which nullifies clauses" is a modifier. That means that, if the modifier is removed, the sentence should still make sense. However, If the phrase is removed, the sentence reads, "The parliament enacted the legislation in private contracts that stipulated payments in gold..." This version of the sentence does not make sense and can be eliminated.

In choice (E), the parallelism between the hyphens (to change, to nullify, to stipulate) changes the original meaning of the sentence. The sentence needs to say that the legislation changed private contracts by nullifying clauses. A list of 3 actions does not show that relationship.

In choice (A), the entire phrase between the hyphens is a single modifier. The sentence makes sense when it is removed: "The parliament enacted the legislation over the heated opposition of many legislators." Also, the modifier correctly expresses that the legislation changed private contracts by nullifying clauses.

Answer choice (A) is correct.
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