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shift work equation

by gmatmachoman » Sun Jan 17, 2010 10:48 pm
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based
on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift
workers, and have raised production efficiency in
various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered
while raising

Please why B is wrong and C is correct??[/spoiler]
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by kstv » Sun Jan 17, 2010 10:54 pm
Sleeping is balanced with raising.
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by mmon » Sun Jan 17, 2010 11:00 pm
this is what I can think of -
If we read it closely we will see author is trying to say that something reduced x,y,z and the result is in increase of v.
That simultaneity can only be expressed using while . Also in A "reduced x ,y,z" really needed an and
in between y and z.

hope this helps.
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by gmatmachoman » Sun Jan 17, 2010 11:19 pm
mmon wrote:this is what I can think of -

That simultaneity can only be expressed using while .
hope this helps.

simultaneity ---------New word??
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by viidyasagar » Mon Jan 18, 2010 7:32 am
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Please why B is wrong and C is correct??[/spoiler]
Why is B wrong????

Let's break the sentence...

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have raised production efficiency in various industries.

Both are parallel :-).

now let me use only "raised" as indicated in B; the sentence would now read


Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,

Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle raised production efficiency in various industries.

Not parallel..hence one reason why B and D are wrong

There is a linking problem with all options except C and E.

Consider this simple example,

In GMAT, I like SC, CR and PS and hate RC and DS....

Here i like one group and hate another....each group must be complete in itself hence the rule is that the last object must be preceded by an appropriate linking word (here it is "and")... E and C are ur final contenders

E doesn't obey parallelism...eliminate it...C is the best of the lot...although better rephrasing is possible....

In case u are wondering....u apply the perfect tense rule only when one activity clearly precedes another...here both happened at the same time...hence parallelism is violated when u use "have reduced" for one group and "raised" for another.

Hope this helps :-)
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by A.Kiran » Mon Jan 18, 2010 11:22 am
<Recently implemented> equations < based on ..> have reduced x,y,z and have raised <P>


The Flaw is that:

1. It should be x,y, and Z .
Because before the last item we should use " And" right.





It should be

<...> equations <based on..> have reduced x,y and Z ....











This tests the parallelism.
The essence is that, here there are 2 things happening.
1. Reduced
2. Raised

<x,y and z belongs> to 1.
<P belongs> to 2.

P does not belong to the Subject of the sentence < Work-shift equations>. Because it does not make sense. Right.

so makes sense right? when the parallel marker ends.


gmatmachoman wrote:Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based
on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced
sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift
workers, and have raised production efficiency in
various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered
while raising

Please why B is wrong and C is correct??[/spoiler]
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by harshavardhanc » Tue Jan 19, 2010 9:43 am
another way to look at it :

the author wants to convey that the equations have reduced "X" and have also raised "Y"

i.e have done two opposite things :)

now "X" is a list of things (say p, q and r), in which the last item needs to be preceded with 'and ' to show the completeness. Do remember that list needs to be a list of "parallel" things.

to show the other part of contrast ( reduced vs raised ), generally you would use 'and'. But, as you already have used it a word before, using 'while' would be appropriate here. It will show the contrast exactly as the author intends.

hence the sentence will be like :

equations have reduced p,q and r, while raising Y.

makes sense?
Regards,
Harsha
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by kvcpk » Fri Jun 18, 2010 3:02 am
is "and" mandatory in option C - "and fatigue among shift workers while raising "

Is it wrong if "and" is removed from this?
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by blaster » Fri Jun 18, 2010 3:26 am
kvcpk wrote:is "and" mandatory in option C - "and fatigue among shift workers while raising "

Is it wrong if "and" is removed from this?
"and' must be there in order fulfill the requirement of X,Y and Z
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by kvcpk » Fri Jun 18, 2010 4:05 am
blaster wrote:
kvcpk wrote:is "and" mandatory in option C - "and fatigue among shift workers while raising "

Is it wrong if "and" is removed from this?
"and' must be there in order fulfill the requirement of X,Y and Z
But "and have raised" is compensating for X,Y and Z. isnt it?
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by hardik.jadeja » Fri Jun 18, 2010 7:01 am
kvcpk wrote:
blaster wrote:
kvcpk wrote:is "and" mandatory in option C - "and fatigue among shift workers while raising "

Is it wrong if "and" is removed from this?
"and' must be there in order fulfill the requirement of X,Y and Z
But "and have raised" is compensating for X,Y and Z. isnt it?
No kvcpk,

Think of the sentence like this
"Recent studies have reduced X while raising Y" - where X is "sickness, sleeping on the job and fatigue among shift workers" and Y is "production efficiency"

We can also right this sentence as "Recent studies have reduced X". If we replace X with "sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers" instead of "sickness, sleeping on the job and fatigue among shift workers", the sentence would look like this.

Recent studies have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers - doesnt this list look incomplete to you?

When you write the construction "Recent studied reduced X, Y and Z" or "Recent studied have reduced W, X, Y and Z", all W, X, Y and Z share a common verb "reduced".

But verb for "production efficiency" is "raising", so we need to end our list (W, X, Y, Z) before introducing a new verb. By putting "and" before Z, we are indicating that the list has ended.

You will see this type of sentences on GMAT every now and then..

Since the teacher introduced the classroom reward system, students have begun paying closer attention, completing homework, AND following directions, and have stopped causing disruptions during lessons.

Hope that helps..
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by kvcpk » Fri Jun 18, 2010 8:34 am
Thanks Hardik.. I understand it..
I had doubt when to stop my sentence by placing "and" before the last action.

As I understand now, I will go by logic and see what is the final result and will put an "and" before it.
As in "and have raised"

The other "and" will be before the last of the list of actions that are causing the result.
As in "and fatigue among shift workers "

Is my interpretation correct?
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by krazy800 » Fri Jun 18, 2010 8:50 am
kvcpk wrote:Thanks Hardik.. I understand it..
I had doubt when to stop my sentence by placing "and" before the last action.

As I understand now, I will go by logic and see what is the final result and will put an "and" before it.
As in "and have raised"

The other "and" will be before the last of the list of actions that are causing the result.
As in "and fatigue among shift workers "

Is my interpretation correct?
Absolutely!!!!!! ur interpretation is right.

cheers...
Aiming High
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by hardik.jadeja » Fri Jun 18, 2010 9:48 am
kvcpk wrote:Thanks Hardik.. I understand it..
I had doubt when to stop my sentence by placing "and" before the last action.

As I understand now, I will go by logic and see what is the final result and will put an "and" before it.
As in "and have raised"

The other "and" will be before the last of the list of actions that are causing the result.
As in "and fatigue among shift workers "

Is my interpretation correct?
Yes you are correct but keep in mind that there are different structures possible.

Eg:
Recent studies have reduced A, B and C and have raised X, Y and Z.

A little more complex structure

Recent studies have reduced sickness (A), fights between shift workers and engineers (B), and sleeping on the job (C) and have raised X, Y and Z.

Apply the same rule in this question:
https://www.beatthegmat.com/large-drop-i ... t6457.html

It should answer the question you have posted in that thread.

Hope that helps..
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