Underwriting Syndicate

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Underwriting Syndicate

by ollapodrida » Thu Jan 23, 2014 11:09 am
In firm commitment underwriting, a group of investment banking firms known as a syndicate agree to sell bonds on behalf of the issuer. The issuer sells the bonds to the syndicate at a fixed price, and the syndicate members take on the responsibility of selling all the bonds. The cost of any unsold bonds will be distributed equally amongst the syndicate members. A group of G investment banking firms agreed to sell equal amounts of a bond issue for the state of Transylvania with each expecting to make a 10% profit from the sale of their portion. The state of Transylvania sold the entire issue to the syndicate for $x million. If each of S syndicate members was unable to sell $5 million worth of bonds, which of the following expressions represents the final profit/loss ($million) that each of the S syndicate members will realize as a result of the syndicate's inability to sell the entire bond issue?

(A)5/G
(B)x/G - 5
(C)(0.1x - 5S)/G
(D)(0.1(x-5G)-5s)/G
(E) (x-5G)/10G
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by Mike@Magoosh » Thu Jan 23, 2014 3:28 pm
ollapodrida wrote:In firm commitment underwriting, a group of investment banking firms known as a syndicate agree to sell bonds on behalf of the issuer. The issuer sells the bonds to the syndicate at a fixed price, and the syndicate members take on the responsibility of selling all the bonds. The cost of any unsold bonds will be distributed equally amongst the syndicate members. A group of G investment banking firms agreed to sell equal amounts of a bond issue for the state of Transylvania with each expecting to make a 10% profit from the sale of their portion. The state of Transylvania sold the entire issue to the syndicate for $x million. If each of S syndicate members was unable to sell $5 million worth of bonds, which of the following expressions represents the final profit/loss ($million) that each of the S syndicate members will realize as a result of the syndicate's inability to sell the entire bond issue?

(A) 5/G
(B) x/G - 5
(C)(0.1x - 5S)/G
(D)(0.1(x-5G)-5s)/G
(E)(x-5G)/10G
Dear ollapodrida,
I'm happy to respond. :-)
I like the subject of this question, because it seems so realistic to the business world. The text, I believe, is much longer than any word problem that would appear on the GMAT, so in that sense, it's not quite GMAT-like. Furthermore, there are a couple problems.
First, there's an ambiguity. It says:
each of S syndicate members was unable to sell $5 million worth of bonds
Is that $5 million of the original purchase price or of the 10% markup price? The former seems like a more certain interpretation, but the GMAT wouldn't leave something like that unclear.
Also, the relationship of G and S is a little unclear. The syndicate is a group of investment banking firms, so each individual bank is a syndicate member. Is S < G a subset of G? In other words of all G members in the syndicate who bought these bonds, S were not able to sell some, but the other (G - S) were able to sell everything they had bought? Again, this seems like what the paragraph means, but it is not crystal clear.
Finally, x is in millions of dollars, which implies the answer should be in millions, but that is not explicitly specified. Again, I will assume this.

I will go through this assuming what I said above I thought were the most obvious assumptions. The whole issue costs $x million.
Total paid for purchase of issue = x
G banks split this purchase, so each paid
Paid by each bank = x/G
Some of the banks apparently sold everything they bought: they are outside the question. We are looking at some subset S who were not able to sell everything. Notice, we want to know the profit/loss of each one of those banks, so it doesn't matter at all how many of them are in this situation. The number S is absolutely irrelevant to this calculation and should not appear at all in the correct answer choice. Right there, we could eliminate a few answers.

Let's think about an individual bank that couldn't sell everything.
amount paid = x/G
amount paid for sold portion = x/G - 5
amount received for sold portion = 1.1*(x/G - 5)
profit on sold portion = 0.1*(x/G - 5) = 0.1*(x/G) - 0.5
loss on unsold portion = 5
net gain = profit - loss = 0.1*(x/G) - 0.5 - 5 = 0.1*(x/G) - 5.5
The final problem is: the answer I get is not listed among the answer choices.

Where did you get this question?

Mike :-)
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by ollapodrida » Thu Jan 23, 2014 6:44 pm
Hi Mike,

Thanks for responding to my question. I was trying to model this question after one one that I had seen from GMAT prep but with a little twist so that this one was not asking for the exact same thing. Here's the original question:

To celebrate a colleague's retirement, T coworkers in an office agreed to share equally the cost of catered lunch. If lunch costs X dollars and S of coworkers fail to pay their share, which of the following represents the additional amount, in dollars, that each of the remaining coworkers would have to contribute so that the cost of lunch is completely paid?

a) X/T
b) X/(T-S)
c) SX/(T-S)
d) SX/T(T-S)
e) X(T-S)/T

In the version I posted, each of the G syndicate members was assigned an equal portion to sell, $x/G million, and each expected to make a profit of 0.1x/G.

Each of the S members who did not sell all their bonds actually made 0.1(x/G - 5) in millions of dollars. Moreover, the total worth of unsold bonds would be 5*S. This amount will be distributed equally amongst all G syndicate members, so the deduction from the profits of each of the S members would be 5S/G.

Final profit/loss = 0.1(x/G -5) - 5S/G

The rest is algebra:

Final profit/loss = 0.1(x/G -5) - 5S/G
= 0.1(x-5G)/G - 5S/G
= (0.1(x-5G) -5S)/G

I did indicate that the answer was to be in millions of dollars: "which of the following expressions represents the final profit/loss ($million) that each of the S syndicate members will realize".

Thanks for having the courage to try this question out. I tried to provide as much detail as possible, but I'll take full responsibility for anything that was not made crystal clear in the question.

By the way, I've seen a question that was almost as long as that one on the real GMAT. I just cursed and moved on when I saw it :)