OG 12 Q2 - 'has raised' vs. 'raised'

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OG 12 Q2 - 'has raised' vs. 'raised'

by hja379 » Sat Feb 12, 2011 5:07 am
2. Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes
that there is a recovery finally
under way, many
economists say that without a large amount of
spending the recovery might not last.

(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally
(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally
(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being
(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally
(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally

OA D

In this question, should present perfect be used because the surge has raised hopes and that affect is continuing into the future? What if choice E is modified as "raised hopes that a recovery is finally" - and would that be correct?
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by maihuna » Sat Feb 12, 2011 9:04 am
raised hope is simple past while action here clearly requires present perfect, started in past and ongoing.
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by earnest10 » Sun Feb 13, 2011 6:20 pm
Since the first clause convey information about an event that has commenced and still on .... "has" will be used here.

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by Jim@Grockit » Sun Feb 13, 2011 8:05 pm
The converse of that is: had the verb simply been "raised", we would want their expectation of a recovery underway to also be in the past.

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