This question seems to be very imteresting and i'll try to answer
I am also not a native speaker and it was also difficult to understand what the hell they are talking about.
However, my choice is C.

In no other historical sighting did Halley's comet such a worlwide sensations as did its return in 1910-1911.
a did its return in 1910-1911
b had its 1910-1911 return
c in its return of 1910-1911
d its return of 1910-1911 did
e its return in 1910-1911

So, what it the subject? It is Halley's comet
Halley's comet did a lot of sensation in its sighting (observing)
but the the biggest sensation was when IT returned in 1910 (or, in its return in 1911.
So, comet made a sensation in its return. I also do not like the usage of return of.

Hope I am correct.

In no other historical sighting did Halley’s comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911.



dude, you omitted main verb in your question!!!!!

I think that the main verb is did