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The cytokines

by GmatKiss » Thu Oct 20, 2011 7:02 am
The cytokines of the immune system, acting as signalers to adjacent cells, can provoke dangerous inflammation; the resultant autoimmune disease, characterized by cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are known as "rheumatoid arthritis."

A) cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are
B) cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
C) cartilage and bone that become damaged although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
D) damaged cartilage and bone although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
E) damaged cartilage and bone although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
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by mbasubrosa » Thu Oct 20, 2011 7:26 am
IMO - B.
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by indi » Thu Oct 20, 2011 8:55 am
what is OA...IMO E..
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by patanjali.purpose » Tue Oct 30, 2012 4:28 pm
GmatKiss wrote:The cytokines of the immune system, acting as signalers to adjacent cells, can provoke dangerous inflammation; the resultant autoimmune disease, characterized by cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are known as "rheumatoid arthritis."

A) cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, are
B) cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
C) cartilage and bone that become damaged although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
D) damaged cartilage and bone although the immune system does not actually attack them, are
E) damaged cartilage and bone although they are not actually attacked by the immune system, is
Any thought why B is better than E; OA-B
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by vikram4689 » Tue Oct 30, 2012 5:51 pm
B is better than E because the paradoxical situation that we want to describe(using "although") is more apparant in b).
cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system
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by patanjali.purpose » Tue Oct 30, 2012 11:30 pm
vikram4689 wrote:B is better than E because the paradoxical situation that we want to describe(using "although") is more apparant in b).
cartilage and bone that become damaged although they are not actually attacked by the immune system
Sorry Vikram,

Could you elaborate more (how do DAMAGED and DESTROYED are paradoxical in nature)- still not very clear.

thanks
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by vikram4689 » Wed Oct 31, 2012 12:06 am
'damaged' & 'not attacked' are paradoxical in nature. sentence intends to convey that "X becomes damaged although X is not attacked". i think contrast will be more apparant by this transformation. let me know if it still confounds you.
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