-
mundasingh123
- Legendary Member
- Posts: 2330
- Joined: Fri Jan 15, 2010 5:14 am
- Thanked: 56 times
- Followed by:26 members
Quoting Ron above ,
https://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/pos ... tml#p49102
yeah -- if you have a present participle modifier in front of a comma, it must be talking about the following subject.
in fact, the same is true for all four of the following types of initial modifiers:
(1) Starting with -ING, or starting with preposition + -ING (especially in + -ING)
(2) Starting with past participle
(3) NOUN + MODIFIERS (i.e., not a clause)
(4) Starting with an ADJECTIVE
examples:
(1)
WRONG:
Coming home from school, the wind blew me off my bike.
RIGHT:
Coming home from school, I was blown off my bike by the wind.
(2)
WRONG:
Thrown from a passing car, the blaze was ignited by a stray cigarette.
RIGHT:
Thrown from a passing car, a stray cigarette ignited the blaze.
(3)
WRONG:
A survivor of the Holocaust, Primo Levi's stories demonstrate a resolute determination in the face of tragedy and adversity.
RIGHT:
A survivor of the Holocaust, Primo Levi wrote stories that demonstrate a resolute determination in the face of tragedy and adversity.
(4)
WRONG:
Fresh from the tree, it was difficult to eat the mangoes because they were not yet ripe.
RIGHT:
Fresh from the tree, the mangoes were difficult to eat because they were not yet ripe.
the past participle modifier following the comma must modify the subject of the preceding clause.
Here is a Problem from 1000 SC where the above rule is not applicable .I wish to know why the above rule is not applicable .
The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.
(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing
(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and which differed
(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing
(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differed
(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer's meridian and differing
Why is E correct when the past participle "determined " doesnt modify the subject of the preceding clause , "The Growth ... "
I Seek Explanations Not Answers
