the correct answer to this problem is (a).
this is an absolutely classic type of problem: it CONFLATES CORRELATION WITH CAUSATION.
it takes a statistical correlation between longevity and volunteerism, and postulates (somewhat indirectly) that volunteerism leads to longer life. (here, volunteerism is taken to lead to longer life through indirect channels - i.e., via the release of endorphins - but it's still taken as a cause/effect relationship.)
anything disrupting the CAUSAL relationship between volunteerism and longer life --> i.e., any ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATION FOR WHY THE TWO ARE CORRELATED --> can go in the blank.
option (a) does this perfectly: it explains a very solid reason why longevity and volunteerism may be statistically related even in the total absence of a causal relationship.
this is an absolutely classic type of problem: it CONFLATES CORRELATION WITH CAUSATION.
it takes a statistical correlation between longevity and volunteerism, and postulates (somewhat indirectly) that volunteerism leads to longer life. (here, volunteerism is taken to lead to longer life through indirect channels - i.e., via the release of endorphins - but it's still taken as a cause/effect relationship.)
anything disrupting the CAUSAL relationship between volunteerism and longer life --> i.e., any ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATION FOR WHY THE TWO ARE CORRELATED --> can go in the blank.
option (a) does this perfectly: it explains a very solid reason why longevity and volunteerism may be statistically related even in the total absence of a causal relationship.
Ron has been teaching various standardized tests for 20 years.
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Pueden hacerle preguntas a Ron en castellano
Potete chiedere domande a Ron in italiano
On peut poser des questions à Ron en français
Voit esittää kysymyksiä Ron:lle myös suomeksi
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Quand on se sent bien dans un vêtement, tout peut arriver. Un bon vêtement, c'est un passeport pour le bonheur.
Yves Saint-Laurent
--
Learn more about ron
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Pueden hacerle preguntas a Ron en castellano
Potete chiedere domande a Ron in italiano
On peut poser des questions à Ron en français
Voit esittää kysymyksiä Ron:lle myös suomeksi
--
Quand on se sent bien dans un vêtement, tout peut arriver. Un bon vêtement, c'est un passeport pour le bonheur.
Yves Saint-Laurent
--
Learn more about ron
