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Need Reasoning behind the answer

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Need Reasoning behind the answer

by ankuraga » Mon Oct 06, 2014 9:59 am
Please let me know the reasoning for the correct answer. The part in double quotes is the one which needs to be corrected.
1)
Australian embryologists have found evidence "that suggests that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally evolving" as a kind of snorkel.
a: that suggests that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally evolving
b:that has suggested the elephant descended from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally evolving
c:suggesting that the elephant had descended from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally evolved
d:to suggest that the elephant had descended from an aquatic animal and its trunk originally evolved
e:to suggest that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally evolved.

ans:e

2)
Recently implemented shift -work equations based on the studies on human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, "fatigue among shift workers, and have raised" production efficiency in various industries.
a:fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
b:fatigue among shift workers, and raised
c:and fatigue among shift workers while raising
d:lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
e: and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

ans:c
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by [email protected] » Tue Oct 07, 2014 11:33 am
Hi ankuraga,

In the future, you should include just one prompt per post. That way, you can keep the discussion focused on that one prompt and avoid multiple conversations about multiple prompts (which might be confusing).

1st SC:

This SC is based on some standard verb and parallelism rules:

1) Verbs: Since the elephant is an animal that is alive right now, we should refer to it in the present tense (re "the elephant IS descended from..."). Eliminate B, C and D.

2) Parallelism: This sentence discusses 2 aspects of the elephant, so we need to make sure that both of those "pieces" are written in Parallel "format." Answer E presents the 2 pieces correctly ("THAT the elephant.....and.....THAT its trunk). Answer A is not parallel ("THAT the elephant....and ITS trunk").

Final Answer: E

2nd SC:

This SC is based on a list of items, so it involves parallelism rules. We have to be careful about determining the END of the list though.

1) Parallelism: From the original prompt, we can see that the list is EITHER 3 or 4 items. The first two items ("reduced......sickness, sleeping on the job...." are 2 "negative" nouns that have been "reduced" by recently implemented shift-work equations. Any additional items must ALSO be "negative" nouns that were reduced by the recently implemented equations.

Looking at the latter part of the sentence, there is clearly a third "negative" noun that should have been reduced: "fatigue..." However, the fourth item ("production efficiency") is NOT a negative item, so it should not be a part of the list, BUT it should still be written in parallel format.

The correct answer will use the word "and" to introduce the third/last item in the list. Eliminate A, B and D.

2) Style/Redundancy: Between Answers C and E, you should notice that Answer E includes the words "was lowered", which is redundant language since we were already told that the 3 items in the list were "reduced." Eliminate E.

Final Answer: C

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Rich
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