comparison expression

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comparison expression

by allfta » Mon Feb 21, 2011 6:11 am
one says :
eight million people are as many as enrolled in universities.

is better (when it comes to gmat) than

Eight million people are as many as those enrolled in universities.

how come?
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by stormier » Mon Feb 21, 2011 7:41 am
allfta wrote:one says :
eight million people are as many as enrolled in universities.

is better (when it comes to gmat) than

Eight million people are as many as those enrolled in universities.

how come?
X is/are as many as Y

X and Y should be parallel and comparable.

Here, X = eight million people - noun

Y also must be a noun.

enrolled in universities is not a noun, whereas those [people] enrolled in universities is

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by allfta » Tue Feb 22, 2011 5:34 am
stormier wrote:
allfta wrote:one says :
eight million people are as many as enrolled in universities.

is better (when it comes to gmat) than

Eight million people are as many as those enrolled in universities.

how come?
X is/are as many as Y

X and Y should be parallel and comparable.

Here, X = eight million people - noun

Y also must be a noun.

enrolled in universities is not a noun, whereas those [people] enrolled in universities is


Thanks to your reply.
But, i think exactly same with you.
Anyone who can say the first one is better?

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by Brian@VeritasPrep » Thu Feb 24, 2011 2:38 pm
Hey allfta,

The problem with that second one is that "those" logically refers to the people enrolled, and "those" people aren't 8 million...the number is 8 million. So logically "8 million" can't describe the people. You'd have to say something like:

8 million people are about as many as are enrolled in universities.

The other problem with both of these statements is that they include a lot of redundant, useless language. If you not in my sentence above, I included the word "about". Why? Because if the number is exactly 8 million, you wouldn't say "as many as" - there's no real comparison to be made...it's just one number, so you'd much more efficiently say:

8 million students are enrolled in universities.

The only time you'd want to include the comparison is if you're illustrating something by using the comparison - either that it's an approximate number, or that it's twice another number:

Twice as many students are enrolled in universities as are enrolled in vocational schools.

To include that comparison language, there needs to be a reason, or otherwise it's just a longer, more awkward construction that isn't really necessary.
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by GMATMadeEasy » Fri Feb 25, 2011 5:41 am
Thanks Brian. Compariosn has always troubled me a lot. Could you look at this one :

OG 12 Q# 89 ; important note - > I have created all the answer choices and assume that there are more than one answer choice correct there. Trying to learn the concept mostly.

Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that
dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do.

a> dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
b> to maintain dirt roads costs twice the cost to maintain pave roads.
c> to maintain dirt roads costs twice to maintain pave roads.
d> dirt roads cost twice to maintain than pave roads cost to maintain .

Could you please explain each answer choice why it is right or wrong ? Especially in A, why will be use "twice as much " ?

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by Brian@VeritasPrep » Fri Feb 25, 2011 11:12 am
Hey GMATMadeEasy,

Good question - and with comparisons a few things are really important to keep in mind:

1) You have to compare LIKE objects. So here you can't compare "the cost of dirt roads" to "paved roads" - it must be "the cost of dirt" to "the cost of paved".

2) Comparisons tend to lend themselves to some comparison-structure problems. You can say:

as much as
so much that
more than

But you can't say:

as much than
more as
etc.

So comparison questions often create an incorrect answer by just tweaking one word of the comparison structure. Be careful when dealing with those.

3) Idiomatically, there's a difference between singular (or "uncountable", entity-type) nouns like "money" and plural (or "countable") nouns like "dollars".

If the noun is singular, you'll use: much, amount, less
Whereas if it's plural, you'll use: many, number, fewer



So on this question, choice A:

1) Correctly compares "cost" as a verb to "do" (a placeholder verb) so that we're comparing like items
2) Uses the construction "as much as" correctly
3) Correctly uses "much" since we're implying "money", a singular noun..."many" would need to come with something plural like 'dollars' or 'workers'

So A is correct.

Choice B is wrong because it:

1) Doesn't have a parallel construction - "to maintain dirt roads" is being compared to "the cost to maintain paved roads"
2) Redundantly repeats the word "costs" (costs twice the cost...)

Choice C is wrong because it doesn't construct a comparison or properly introduce "twice...OF WHAT?". You'd need "twice as much as it does...to maintain paved roads" or something like that, because here "twice" has no reference point. Twice is a multiplier (2*_______) and here the two isn't multiplied by anything.

Choice D similarly leaves "twice" on its own so it's wrong for the same reason as D. It's a parallel structure, but the construction is off. You'd need to have "cost twice AS MUCH...to maintain" or something like that, again to give "twice" a multiplier.
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by allfta » Fri Feb 25, 2011 9:48 pm
Brian@VeritasPrep wrote:Hey allfta,

The problem with that second one is that "those" logically refers to the people enrolled, and "those" people aren't 8 million...the number is 8 million. So logically "8 million" can't describe the people. You'd have to say something like:

8 million people are about as many as are enrolled in universities.

The other problem with both of these statements is that they include a lot of redundant, useless language. If you not in my sentence above, I included the word "about". Why? Because if the number is exactly 8 million, you wouldn't say "as many as" - there's no real comparison to be made...it's just one number, so you'd much more efficiently say:

8 million students are enrolled in universities.

The only time you'd want to include the comparison is if you're illustrating something by using the comparison - either that it's an approximate number, or that it's twice another number:

Twice as many students are enrolled in universities as are enrolled in vocational schools.

To include that comparison language, there needs to be a reason, or otherwise it's just a longer, more awkward construction that isn't really necessary.
Great explanation. Thanks.
But, actually my intention was about "ellipsis". I am still confusing when it comes to ellipsis. plz check this out.

Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O'Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.
A. as much as that which is being emitted annually by all
B. as much annually as is emitted by the
C. as much compared to what is annually emitted by all
D. that emitted annually by all
E. that emitted annually compared to the

Q1]
If i change the choice B to 1)'as much as emitted annually by all' without any noun or pronoun after second 'as' or to
2)'as much as by all' without any noun and pronoun and even verb after second 'as' or to
3)'as much as did (annually) by all' changing only verb and omit noun and adv.

are they (1 and 2 and 3) all correct?

In other words, what can I delete?

Q2]
In the given choice B, any problem with "the" usage?

------------

I can see similar ellipsis issue in below questions. plz check.

Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
(a)
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

OA is A and as you can see in choice A, verb is missing. I guess the original post was like below

that flourished at the same time as did the civilizations
or
that flourished at the same time as the civilizations did
or
that flourished at the same time as the civilizations flourished
or
that flourished at the same time as flourished the civilizations

Q1] aboves are all correct?
Q2] When can i omit verb?
Q3] In above question, is 'that flourished' better than 'flourishing'? Why?

Regarding this issue of verb ellipsis,

While Rickettsias can grow in living hosts such as anthropods, as most bacteria, they do not grow on synthetic culture mediums.
A. as most bacteria
B. as do most bacteria
C. as most bacteria have
D. like most bacteria do
E. like most bacteria

OA is B
And the explanation says A is wrong becuas it has no verb so that 'as' seem to mean 'qualification'

Q1] ellipsis verb after 'as' - is it wrong or right?
Q2] Or, is it somethin like a relative concept? In other word, we can omit verb after 'as' but it is better to choose one with verb so that in this case we should C rather than A?
Q3] to sum up,
if a noun of after 'as' is same with preceded noun it should be deleted or redundant- ( o / x)
if a verb of after 'as' is same with preceded verb it should be used as a pro-verb or redundant- (o /x)
when can I delete verb after 'as'?

sorry to ask same question repeatedly. I know. :)
Plz show me a bright.

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