Critical Reasoning

Plankton generally thrive in areas of the ocean with sufficient concentrations of certain nitrogen compounds near the surface,where plankton live. Nevertheless,some areas, though rich in these nitrogen compounds,have few plankton. These areas have particularly low concentrations of iron,and oceanographers hypothesize that this shortage of iron prevents plankton from thriving. However,an experimental release of iron compounds into one such area failed to produce a thriving plankton population,even though local iron concentrations increased immediately.


Which of the following,if true,argues against concluding,on the basis of information above,that the oceanographers' hypothesis is false?


a) Not all of the nitrogen compounds that are sometimes found in relatively high concentrations in the oceans are nutrients for plankton.

b) Certain areas of the ocean support n abundance of plankton despite having particularly low concentration of iron.

c) The release of the iron compounds did not increase the supply of nitrogen compounds in the area.

d) A few days after the iron compounds were released,ocean currents displayed the iron-rich water from the surface.

e) The iron compounds released into the area occur naturally in areas of the ocean where plankton thrive.