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japan!

by gmat_perfect » Thu Aug 05, 2010 4:10 am
Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the

[spoiler]OA: D[/spoiler]

how?
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by selango » Thu Aug 05, 2010 4:15 am
Japan's culture is described not Japan.

D and E

Japan's culture is a culture of x,y and z.

In option E "of a system of forms" is not parallel and invalid.

Pick D
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by gmat_perfect » Thu Aug 05, 2010 4:19 am
Then does "Japan's" here mean "the culture of Japan"?

If so, then we have "The culture of Japan is a culture...................."

What experts say about this?
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by indiantiger » Thu Aug 05, 2010 4:36 am
Was able to narrow down to A and D. Rest of the choices have problems.

Whats wrong with A?
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by selango » Thu Aug 05, 2010 4:45 am
We can't say Japan is a culture.

Japan has a culture is correct.
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by selfmade » Thu Aug 05, 2010 6:43 am
I would pick D

Here is the explaination:

A, B and C can be eliminated - Japan is not a culture .. its Japan's culture

Between D and E - E lacks parallel construction , so answer should be D.
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by reply2spg » Thu Aug 05, 2010 7:02 am
Dear Perfect, Please make a habit of serching each question first on internet and if you do not find any good answer then post it to the forum.

I am not sure whether you searched this question online or not. However, if you had done so, then you would have seen below link on BTG forum itself.

https://www.beatthegmat.com/japan-t20209-15.html

I am not sure and you have not mentioned where you have a problem in this question.
gmat_perfect wrote:Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its ever-present congestion tolerable.

(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the

[spoiler]OA: D[/spoiler]

how?
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by 22 » Thu Aug 05, 2010 7:15 am
(A) Japan is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images, making its
__>> its not japan but its culture.
(B) Japan, a culture of accommodation and constraint, is a system of forms, etiquette, and images, which makes its
__>> its not japan but its culture.
(C) A culture of accommodation and constraint, Japan is a system of forms, etiquette, and images making its
__>> its not japan but its culture.
(D) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the
__>> Correct.
(E) Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, of a system of forms, etiquette, and images which makes the
-->>of a system is wrong construction
D is best
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by kvcpk » Thu Aug 05, 2010 9:55 am
What does "that" refer to in option D.
"that" normally introduces a clause that modifies the noun its touching.
In this case its Images. But images is not the logical antecedent here.
What is the exception to "that" rule?
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by e-GMAT » Thu Aug 05, 2010 12:38 pm
Since you have a specific question about Choice D, I will only concentrate on that in this post:

Sentence with Choice D

Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the ever-present congestion tolerable.

A general rule is that a relative pronoun modifier (in this case that clause) modifies the closest noun. However, these modifiers can modify a slightly far away noun if following conditions are satisfied:

"¢ The information that is placed between the modified noun and that modifier cannot be placed anywhere else.
"¢ If this information does not create any ambiguity in the meaning of the sentence.

Now we will see how this exception can be applied in the sentence in question:

That modifier = that makes the ever-present congestion tolerable
Preceding noun = images
Modified noun = a system
Information between the modified noun and modifier = of forms, etiquette, and images

Condition 1 = If you try placing the expression "of forms, etiquette, and images" anywhere else in the sentence, the sentence will become non-sensical.

Condition 2 = In this sentence, it does not make sense to say that images make the congestion tolerable. It only makes sense to say that the system makes the congestion tolerable.

Thus both conditions for the exception are met by this sentence and hence the exception applies and the modifier modifies a slightly far away noun - system.

Another handy tip that further confirms that this modifier modifies system is that the verb - makes - is singular and agrees in number with the singular system. If this modifier was supposed to modify images, then the verb would be plural.

For e-GMAT Users, you may find this concept discussed in detail with a number of practice questions in the file titled "Modifiers - Relative Pronouns".
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by kvcpk » Thu Aug 05, 2010 12:42 pm
e-GMAT wrote:Since you have a specific question about Choice D, I will only concentrate on that in this post:

Sentence with Choice D

Japan's is a culture of accommodation and constraint, a system of forms, etiquette, and images that makes the ever-present congestion tolerable.

A general rule is that a relative pronoun modifier (in this case that clause) modifies the closest noun. However, these modifiers can modify a slightly far away noun if following conditions are satisfied:

"¢ The information that is placed between the modified noun and that modifier cannot be placed anywhere else.
"¢ If this information does not create any ambiguity in the meaning of the sentence.

Now we will see how this exception can be applied in the sentence in question:

That modifier = that makes the ever-present congestion tolerable
Preceding noun = images
Modified noun = a system
Information between the modified noun and modifier = of forms, etiquette, and images

Condition 1 = If you try placing the expression "of forms, etiquette, and images" anywhere else in the sentence, the sentence will become non-sensical.

Condition 2 = In this sentence, it does not make sense to say that images make the congestion tolerable. It only makes sense to say that the system makes the congestion tolerable.

Thus both conditions for the exception are met by this sentence and hence the exception applies and the modifier modifies a slightly far away noun - system.

Another handy tip that further confirms that this modifier modifies system is that the verb - makes - is singular and agrees in number with the singular system. If this modifier was supposed to modify images, then the verb would be plural.

For e-GMAT Users, you may find this concept discussed in detail with a number of practice questions in the file titled "Modifiers - Relative Pronouns".
Great Explanation. Thanks so much!!
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