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Tom Bradley

by clar » Sat Jul 25, 2009 8:39 am
Tom Bradley was mayor of Los Angeles from 1973 to 1993, an era when the city had transformed from a collection of suburban neighborhoods to the second-largest city in the United States.


(A) an era when the city had transformed
(B) an era during which the city was transformed
(C) an era that transformed it
(D) during which era the city transformed
(E) during which the city was transformed


OA B

Can someone help me with this ques? Is 'era' really reqd.? Option E does not seem wrong to me.
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by vinayakdl » Sat Jul 25, 2009 8:52 am
I will go with B

I think "an era" is a noun phrase and is needed after "," here to correctly refer to the time period. Also E makes you feel like Mayor Bradley was the one who made the change, while original sentence seems to imply that it happened under his watch.

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Re: Tom Bradley

by madhur_ahuja » Sat Jul 25, 2009 9:00 am
Can someone help me with this ques? Is 'era' really reqd.? Option E does not seem wrong to me.[/quote]

Era is absolutely required. Without Era, it seems that transformation happened between 73 and 96. While the original intention is that transformation happened in the era, of which 73 and 96 may be inclusive but might not define start and end absolutely.
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by pandeyvineet24 » Sat Jul 25, 2009 1:08 pm
i think the only problem in E is ",during which..." . the phrase modifies 1973 to 1993 (time period)

i think if the option had WHEN as in ",during WHEN..." it would have been the correct option.

B (is passive) but passive can be correct sometimes.
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by maihuna » Wed Dec 09, 2009 12:47 pm
I can give one explanation though can not confirm very suitable: Normally +ing modifier construction contains two automatic properties:
They modify the whole preceding clause
The subject of the preceding clause is the default subject of this one

None of this is getting satisfied here, we do not want During to modify the whole preceding clause and the subject is a saimple nonsense, so an era in an apoositive noun modifier does the job just well.
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by mmslf75 » Fri Dec 11, 2009 10:53 pm
maihuna wrote:I can give one explanation though can not confirm very suitable: Normally +ing modifier construction contains two automatic properties:
They modify the whole preceding clause
The subject of the preceding clause is the default subject of this one

None of this is getting satisfied here, we do not want During to modify the whole preceding clause and the subject is a saimple nonsense, so an era in an apoositive noun modifier does the job just well.
What is appositive noun ?
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by Stacey Koprince » Tue Dec 15, 2009 8:54 pm
Received a PM asking me to respond.

An appositive is a noun modifier. It's constructed as a noun phrase itself. For example:

The dog, a greyhound, belongs to Sam.

"a greyhound" is an appositive. It is a noun itself and it modifies another noun, "dog."

Also, it is the case that a "comma -ing" modifier modifies the preceding clause, yes.
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by ssgmatter » Sat Mar 27, 2010 9:55 pm
Can somebody why B is correct....and other options are wrong with suitable reasons for each of them

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by thephoenix » Thu May 06, 2010 3:48 am
please give explanations for for incorrect answers
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by pradeepkaushal9518 » Thu May 06, 2010 4:37 am
E looks better from B to me...
B is more wordy and why an additional word an era is required here i dont know..Its all GMAT
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by ssgmatter » Thu May 06, 2010 6:34 am
Please expalin the correct and incorrect choices with reasons.....Thanks!
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by Stacey Koprince » Tue May 11, 2010 2:18 pm
Hi, guys

I'm going to push this back to you first. Instead of asking us to explain every choice thoroughly, start by explaining what you think about each choice. You aren't learning as much if you just ask us to tell you everything. We can also read your replies and make sure that your reasoning is good (and correct you where it isn't). :)
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by samarpan_bschool » Thu May 13, 2010 5:41 am
Hi Stacey,

In E 'during which ' (preposition + relative pronoun) modifies '1973-1993'. My question is can we use 'which' to denote time period? Should it not be 'when'?

Also is it the difference between A & E?

Thanks,
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by Stacey Koprince » Thu May 13, 2010 7:56 am
Edited to add: it looks like I answered this one before without making sure we knew the source. I don't see the author listed anywhere. Who's the author here? I won't erase what I typed below, but we do need the source before I can go further. (Also, I'm not a fan of this question, so if the source is questionable, then this Q may not be a good use of our time...)
* * *
Hmm. Sometimes, either "during which" or "when" could be used. But not always.

"During which" refers to a noun that denotes a time period (note: not just "which" by itself). The word "era" denotes a particular period of time. "During which" could also refer to a specific event: Yesterday, we had a quiz during which Amy cheated.

Can you say: During that era, the city transformed...? Yes. So, you can say "era during which."

Can you say" During the quiz, Amy cheated? Yes. So you can say "quiz during which."

You'd be more likely to use "when" to refer to the actual time period itself, and to use "during which" to refer to the word "era," which denotes a time period. But note that I just said "more likely" - I don't think there's an absolute rule here.

So, here we are taking the test. How do we deal with this? We ignore the "when vs. during which" issue and look for something else to use to decide. What else is going on in this sentence?
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by hariharakarthi » Thu May 13, 2010 11:38 am
Tom Bradley was mayor of Los Angeles from 1973 to 1993, an era when the city had transformed from a collection of suburban neighborhoods to the second-largest city in the United States.

(A) an era when the city had transformed
(B) an era during which the city was transformed
(C) an era that transformed it
(D) during which era the city transformed
(E) during which the city was transformed

Core Sentence : Tom was mayor of LA from 1973 to 1993

The rest of the sentence is modifier which need to modify one of the below,
A. Tom
B. LA
C. Time Period (1973 to 1993)

Here it modifies Time period 1973 to 1993.

A: Modifies Time period but the verb had transformed is not necessary here.
C: it - ambiguous pronoun
D: during which era the city transformed from X to Y ---- during which (refers to time period) and era redundant

Between B and E

E : is participial modifier modifying Time period.
Question : is "during" present participle?

B: Appositive modifier modifying Time period
an era during which ...
Note: which refers to noun era. which can follow preposition. I think "during" is a preposition here.

Question : is "during" present participle? or is "during" a preposition here?
Stacey - can you explain the discrepancy between B and E and guide us to the correct answer.
Regards,
hhk
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